ENCYCLOPAEDIA 203 pbysics. atid medicine) the methodical arrangement has the unexpected effect of breaking up the single article into several widely separated. Each dictionary was to have an introduction and a classified table of the principal articles. History and its minor parts, as inscriptions, fables, medals, were to be included. Theology, which was neither complete, exact, nor orthodox, was to be by the Abbd Bergier, confessor to Monsieur. The whole work was to be completed and connected together by a Yocabulaire Universel, 1 vol. 4to, with references to all the places where each word occurred, and a very exact history of the Encyclopedic and its edi tions by Panckoucke. The prospectus, issued early in 1 782, proposed three editions 84 vols. 8vo, 43 vols. 4to with 3 columns to a page, and 53 vols. 4to of about 100 sheets with 2 columns to a page, each edition having 7 vols. 4to of 250 to 300 plates each. The subscription was to be 672 livres from 15th March to July 1782, theu 751, and 888 after April 1783. It was to be issued in livraisons of 2 vols. each, the first (jurisprudence, vol. i., literature, vol. i.) to appear in July 1782, and the whole to be finished in 1787. The number of subscribers, 4072, was so great that the subscription list of 672 livres was closed 30th April. Twenty-five printing offices were employed, and in Novem ber 1782 the 1st livraison (jurisprudence, vol. i., and half vol. each of arts et metiers and histoire naturelle) was issued. A Spanish prospectus was sent out, and obtained 330 Spanish subscribers, with the inquisitor-general at their head. The complaints of the subscribers and his own heavy advances, over 150,000 livres, induced Panckoucke, in November 1788, to appeal to the authors to finish the work. Those en retard made new contracts, giving their word of hoiiour to put their parts to press in 1788, and to continue them without interruption, so that Panckoucke hoped to finish the whole, including the vocabulary (4 or 5 vols.), in 1792. Whole sciences, as architecture, engineering, hunting, police, games, <tc., had been over looked in the prospectus; a new division was made in 44 parts, to contain 51 dictionaries and about 124 vols. Permission was obtained, 27th February 1789, to receive subscriptions for the separate dictionaries. Two thousand subscribers were lost by the Revolution. The 50th livraison appeared on July 23, 1792, when all the dictionaries eventu ally published had been begun except seven jeux familiers and mathematiques, physics, art oratoire, physical geo graphy, chasses, and peches; and 18 were finished, mathe matics, games, surgery, ancient and modern geography, history, theology, logic, grammar, jurisprudence, finance, political economy, commerce, marine, arts militaires, arts academiques, arts et metiers, encyclopediana. Supplements were added to military art in 1797, and to history in 1807, but not to any of the other 16, though required for most long before 1832. The publication was continued by Henri Agasse, Panckoucke s son-in-law, from 1794 to 1813, and then by Mine. Agasse, his widow, to 1832, when it was completed in 102 livraisons or 337 parts, forming 166^- vols. of text, and 51 parts containing 6439 plates. The letter-press issued with the plates amounts to 5458 pages, making with the text 124,210 pages. To save expense the plates belonging to architecture were not published. Pharmacy (separated from chemistry), minerals, education, pont et chaussees had bseu announced but were not pub lished, neither was the Yocabulaire Universel, the key and index to the whole work, so that it is difficult to carry out any research, or to find all the articles on any subject. The original parts have been so often subdivided, and have been so added to by other dictionaries, supplements, and appen dices, that, without going into great detail, an exact account cannot be given of the work, which contains 88 alphabets, with 83 indexes, and 166 introductions, discourses, prefaces, &c. Many dictionaries have a classed index of articles ; I that of economic politique is very excellent, giving the con tents of each article, so that any passage can be found easily. The largest dictionaries are medicine, 13 vols., 10,330
pages; zoology, 7 dictionaries, 13,645 pages, 1206 plates;
I botany, 12,002 pages, 1000 plates (34 only of cryptogamic j plants) ; geography, 3 dictionaries and 2 atlases, 9090
pages, 193 maps and plates ; jurisprudence (with police and
municipalities), 10 vols., 7607 pages. Anatomy, 4 vols., 2866 pages, is not a dictionary but a series of systematic treatises. Assembled Nationale was to be in three parts, (1) the history of the Revolution, (2) debates, and (3) laws and decrees. Only vol. ii., debates, appeared, 1792, 804 pages, Absens to Aurillac. Ten volumes of a Spanish trans lation with a vol. of plates were published at Madrid to 1806, viz., historia natural, i., ii. ; grammatica, i. ; arte militar, i., ii.; geografia, i.-iii.; fabricas, i., ii., plates, vol. i. A French edition was printed at Padua, with the plates, says Peignot, very carefully engraved. Probably no more un manageable body of dictionaries has ever been published except Migne s Encyclopedic Theologiqur., Paris 1844-75, 4to, 168 vols., 101 dictionaries, 119,059 pages. No encyclopaedia has been more useful and successful, or more frequently copied, imitated, and translated, than that known as the Conversations Lexicon of Brockhaus. It waa begun as Conversations Lexicon mit vorzilgUcher Riicksicht anf die f/egemi drtigen Zeiten, Leipzig, 1796 to 1808, Svo, 6 vols., 2762 pages, by Dr Gotthelf Renatus Lobel (born 1st April 1767 at Thalwitz near Wurzeu in Saxony, died 14th February 1799), who intended to supersede Hiibusr, and included geography, history, and in part biography, be sides mythology, philosophy, natural history, &c. Yols. i.-iv. (A to R) appeared 1796 to 1800, vol. v. in 1806. Fried- rich Arnold Brockhaus (born at Dortmund 4th May 1772, settled at Amsterdam in 1801-2, where he opened a German bookseller s shop, 15th October 1805, as Rehloff and Co., Dutch law not allowing him to use his own name) bought the work with its copyright, 25th October 1808, for 1800 thalers from the printer, who seems to have got it in payment of his bill. The editor, Christian Wilhelui Franke, by contract dated 16th November, was to finish vol. vi. by December 5, and the already projected supple ment, 2 vols., by Michaelmas 1809, for 8 thalers a printed sheet. No penalty was specified, but, says his grandson, Brockhaus was to learn that such contracts, whether under penalty or not, are not kept, for the supplement was finished only in 1811. Brockhaus issued a new impression as Conversations Lexikon ode r kurzgefasstes Handworterbtich, &c., 1809-11, and on removing to Altenburg in 1811 began himself to edit the 2d edition (1812-19, 10 vols.), and, when vol. iv. was published, the 3d (1814-19). He carried on both editions together until 1817, when lie re moved to Leipsic, and began the 4th edition as Allgemeine Deutsche Real EncyclopatHe fur die yebildeten Stdnde. Con versations Ler ikon. This double title has ever since been re tained. The 5th edition was at once begun, and was finished in eighteen months. Dr Ludwig Hain assisted in editing the 4th and 5th editions until he left Lcipsic in April 1820, when Professor F. C. Hasse took his place. The 12,000 copies of the 5th edition being exhausted while vol. x. was at press, a 2d unaltered impression of 10,000 was required in 1820, and a 3d of 10,000 in 1822. The 6th edition, 10 vols., was begun in September 1822. Brockhaus died 20th August 1823. His two eldest sons, Friedrich and Heinrich, who carried on the business for the heirs and be came sole possessors in 1829, finished the edition with Hasse s assistance in September 1823. The 7th edition (1827-29, 12 vols., 10,489 pages, 13,000 copies, 2d im pression 14,000) was edited by Hasse. The 8th edition (1833-36, 12 vols., 10,689 pages, 31,000 copies to 1842)
i" the autumn of 1832, ended May 1837, was edited