234 ENGLAND [COMMERCE. Imports and exports, 1864 to 1876. cannot be given with foreign states and British colonies increased more than seven-fold in the course of fifty years. The following two tables exhibit the values of the annual imports, of the total annual exports of British home produce, and of the total imports and exports of the United Kingdom the latter including exports of foreign and colonial produce -as well as the proportions per head of population, for every third year from 1864 to 1876 : Years. Total Imports. Exports of British Home Produce. Total Imports and Exports. 1864 1867 1870 1873 1876
274,952,172 275,183,137 303,257,493 371,237,372 375,154,703
160,449,053 180,961,923 199,586,322 255,164,603 200,639,204
487,571,786 500,985,666 547,338,070 682,292,137 631,931,305 Years. Experts of Import British Produce. Total Imports and Exports. Proportion per Head of popula tion. Proportion pet- Head of popula tion. Proportion per Head of Popula tion. 1864 1867 1870 1873 1876 . s. d. 957 9 1 5 9 14 4 11 11 2 11 6 8 . s. d. 584 5 19 4 6 7 11 7 IS 10 6 1 3 . s. d. 16 9 16 1 3 17 10 10 21 4 9 19 1 11 Foreign import markets. The following table exhibits the value of the imports into the United Kingdom from the principal British possessions and foreign countries in each of the years 1875 and 1876 : - Imports. Year 1875. Year 1876. From British Possessions : India
30,137,295 20,559,154 10,212,624 5,414,059 4,478,960 4,380,821 3,149,310 1,154,910 1,753,874
30,025,024 21,961,929 11,023,782 6,894,331 4,192,416 3,134,183 2,641,946 1,356,850 3,102,115 Australasia British North America West Indies , . . Cape of Good Hope and Natal Ceylon Straits Settlements Hong Kong All other possessions Total from British Possessions From Foreign Countries : United States 84,423,971 69,590,854 46,720,101 21,836,401 20,708,901 14,836,648 13,607,582 14,822,240 10,895,043 8,918,638 8,660,953 6,555,714 4,884,181 7,418,605 4,241,671 4,632,619 4,196,096 4,444,071 3,668,776 1,762,301 1,359,783 1,559,500 1,442,607 594,158 1,208,590 10,306,440 84,232,576 75,899,008 45,304,854 21,115,189 17,574,488 16,602,154 14,938,641 13,848,293 11,481,519 10,654,311 8,763,146 7,444,323 5,630,670 5,178,386 4,217,934 4,152,201 3,584,598 3,361,071 2,943,385 1,799,377 1,664,029 1,442,556 1,440,860 1,238,091 841,314 9,701,729 France Germany Kussia Netherlands China Belgium Ecrypt .. Sweden and Norway Spain Turkey.. .. Peru Brazil Denmark Italy Chili Portugal Spanish West Indies Greece . . Argentine Republic Philippine Islands Java and dependencies Roumania Uruguay All other countries Total from Foreign Countries Total imports 289,515,606 290,822,127 373,939,577 375,154,703 The exports of British home produce from the United Foreign Kingdom in each of the years 1875 and 1876 were sent to exporc the following colonial possessions and foreign countries : markets. Exports of Home Produce. Year 1875. Year 1376. To British . issessiona : India
24 46 406
29 405 400 Australasia 19 491 247 17 681 661 British North America 9 036 r >83 7 V>R 1 P;I Cape and Natal ... 4 %9 856 4 368 841 Hong Kong 3 599 811 3 080 376 West Indie s 2 186 597 2 927 996 Straits Settlements . 1 961 634 1 968 946 Gibraltar 969 222 1 l >0 965 Ceylon 1 076 752 1 073 505 All other possessions ,, . 2 116 7 9 1 9 873 63 Total to British Possessions To Foreign Countries : Germany 71,092,163 23 ?87 883 64,859,224 20 082 262 United States 21 868 - 79 16 833 517 France 15 357 127 16 085 615 Netherlands 13 118 691 11 777 192 Italy 6 766 698 6 689 402 Russia 8 059 524 6 182 838 Turkey 5 889 905 5 922 825 Brazil 6 869 491 5 919 758 Belgium 5 781 938 5 875 407 China 4 928 500 4 611 180 Sweden and Norway 4 538 455 4 224 719 Spain 3 430 340 3 992 365 Egypt .. 2 945 846 2 630 407 Portugal 2 563 067 2 231 191 Denmark 2 323 707 2,199,106 Japan 2 460 227 2 032 685 Spanish West Indies 2 630 634 2 015 113 Chili 2 207 418 1 945 791 Java 1 735 996 1 676 193 Argentine Confederation ... 2 386 002 1 543 532 Uruguay 713 830 1 006 307 Roumania . . 1 054 744 707 f 68 All other countries 2 738 877 9,595 007 Total to Foreign Countries 152,373,800 135,779,980 Totd exports of home produce.. 223,465,963 200,639,204 Conoen- trationoi Illpire It will be seen from the preceding tables that the bulk of the commercial transactions of the United Kingdom, both as regards imports and exports, is with but a few states mainly three British colonies and eight or nine foreign countries. In the same manner, the great mass of imports, as well as of exports of British produce centres, in each case, in about half a dozen principal articles. More than one-half of the total imports into the United Kingdom are made up of the six articles enumerated in the following table, one-half of which represent food for the nation, and the other half raw material for its manufactures. The Principa table shows the value of each of these six articles im- ported into the United Kingdom during the years 1875 and 1876 : Principal Articles Imported. 1S75. 1876. 1 . Corn and flour
53,086,691
51,812,438 2. Cotton, raw... 46,259 822 40,180,880 3. Wool, sheep and other 4. Sugar, raw and refined 5. Wood and timber 23,437,413 21,548,303 15,424,498 23,637,8-09 20,456,977 19,140,526 6. Tea 13,766,961 12,697,204 The six principal articles of British produce exported to p r j,, c ij )a : colonial possessions and foreign countries are derived from exports the labours of either manufacturing or mining industry, of British It may be gathered from the preceding chapters on mines P ro< and minerals, and on manufactures, to what an extent these six great export articles are the produce of each of the divi
sions of the United Kingdom.