fasting. The oblong or egg-shaped ball, consisting of feathers, bones, &c., which all hawks (and insectivorous birds) throw up after the nutritious part of their food has been digested. Cere. The naked wax-like skin above the beak. Check. A hawk is said to fly at "cheek" when she flies at a bird other than the intended object of pursuit, for instance, if a hawk slipped at a heron goes off at a rook, she flies at check. Clutch imj. Taking the quarry in the feet as the short-winged hawks do. Falcons occasionally "clutch." Conic t<>. A hawk i? said to "come to" when she begins to get tamo Implements used in Falconry. . Hood; 2. Bark view of hood, showing braces a, a, ft, l>; by drawing the braces 6, ft, the hond, now open, is closed; 3. Rufter hood; 4. Imping-needle; 5. Jess; d is the space for the hawk s leg ; the point and slit a, a are brought round the leg, and passed through slit ft, after which the point c and slit <, and also the whole remaining length of jess are pulled through slits a and ft; c is the slit to which the upper ring of swivel is attached; 6. Hawk s leg with bell a, bewit 6, jess c; 7. Jesses, swivel, and leash; 8. Portion of first wing-feather of male peregrine falcon, " tiercel," half natural size in process of imping; a, the living hawk s feather; 6, piece supplied from another tiercel, with the imping needle c pushed half its length into it and ready to be pushed home into the living bird s feather. Coping. Cutting the beak or talons of a hawk is called "coping." Crabbing. Hawks are said to " crab " when they seize one another fighting. Creancf. A long line or string. Crop, to put ai/rnj. A hawk is said to "put away her cror> when the food passes out of the crop into the stomach. Deck feathers. The two centre tail-feathers. Eyas. A hawk which has been brought up from the nest is an "eyas." Eyry. The nest of a hawk. Foot. A hawk is said to "foot" well or to be a "good footer " when she is successful in killing. Many hawks are very fine flyers without being "good footers." Frounce. A disease in the mouth and throat of hawks. Get in. To go up to a hawk when she has killed her quarry is to "get in." Hack. The state of partial libeity in which young hawks must always at first be kept loose to fly about where they like, but punctually fed early in the morning and again in the day, to keep them from seeking food for themselves as long as pos sible. Haggard. A wild-caught hawk in the adult plumage. -Hood. The cap of leather used for the purpose of blindfolding the hawk. (See woodcut.) Hoodshy. A hawk is said to be " hoodshy " when she is afraid of, or resists, having her hood put on. Imping. The process of mending broken feathers is called "imping." (See 8 in cut.) Imping necdh. A piece of tough soft iron wire from about 1^ to 24 inches long, rough filed so as to be three-sided and taper ing from the middle to the ends. (See 4 in cut.) Intcrmeurd. A hawk moulted in confinement is said to be "inter- mewed." Jesses.- Strips of light but very tough leather, some 6 to 8 inches long, which always remain on a hawk s legs one on each leg. (See cut. ) Leash. A strong leathern thong, some 2^ or 3 feet long, with a knot or button at one end. (See 7 in cut.) Lure. The instrument used for calling long-winged hawks, a dead pigeon, or an artificial lure made of leather and feathers or wings of binls, tied to a string. Man a hawk. To tame a hawk and accustom her to strangers. Mantle. A hawk is said to " mantle " when she stretches out a leg and a wing simultaneously, a common action of hawks when at ease ; also when she spreads out her wings and feathers to hide any quarry or food she may have seized from another hawk, or from man. In the last case it is a fault. Make hawk. A hawk is called a " make hawk" when, as a thoroughly trained and steady hawk, she is flown with young ones to teach them their work. Mew. A hawk is said to "mew" when she moults. The place where a hawk was kept to moult was in olden times called her "mew." Buildings where establishments of hawks were kept were called "mews" an appellation which in many cases they have retained to this day. Panncl. The stomach of a hawk, corresponding with the giz/ard of a fowl, is called her pannel. In it the casting is formed. Passage. The line herons take over a tract of country on their way to and from the heronry when procuring food in the breeding season is called a "passage." Passage hawks. Are hawks captured when on their passage or mi gration. This passage takes place twice a year, in spring and autumn. Pdt, The dead body of any quarry the hawk has killed. Pitch. The height to which a hawk, when waiting for game to be flushed, rises in the air is called her " pitch." Plume. A hawk is said to " plume " a bird when she pulls off the feathers. Point. A hawk " makes her point " when she rises in the air in a peculiar manner over the spot where quarry has saved itself from capture by dashing into a hedge, or has otherwise secreted itself. Pull through the hood. A hawk is said to pull through the hood when she eats with it on. Put in. A bird is said to " put in" when it saves itself from the hawk by dashing into covert or other place of security. Quarry. The bird or beast flown at. Rake out. A hawk is said to " rake out " when she flies, while " waiting on" (see Wait on), too far and wide from her master. Red han:k. Hawks of the first year, in the young plumage, are called " red hawks." Panging. A. bird is said to "ring" when it rises spirally in the air. Rnftcrhood.Xn easy fitting hood, not, however, convenient for hooding and unhooding used only for hawks when first cap tured (see 3 in cut). Seeling. Closing the eyes by a fine thread drawn through the lid of each eye, the threads being then twisted together above the head, a practice long disused in England. Serving a hawk. Driving out quarry which has taken refuge, or has " put in." Take the air. A bird is said to "take the air" when it seeks to escape by trying to rise higher than the falcon. Tiercel. The male of various falcons, particularly of the peregrine, is called a " tiercel;" the term is also applied to the male of the goshawk. Trussing. A hawk is said to " truss" a bird when she catches it in the air, and comes to the ground with it in her talons this term is not applied to large quarry. (See Bind.) Carvels. Small rings, generally of silrer, fastened to the end of the jesses not much used now. Wait on. A hawk is said to "wait on" when she flies above her master waiting till game is sprang. Weathering. Hawks are " weathered" by being placed uuhooded in the open air. This term is applied to passage hawks which are,not sufficiently reclaimed to be left out by themselves mi- hooded on blocks, they are "weathered " by beingput out for an hour or two under the falconer s eye. Yarak.An. Eastern term, generally applied to short-winged hawks. When a hawk is keen, and in hunting condition, she is said to be " in yarak." The training of hawks affords much scope for judgment, experience, and skill on the part of the falconer, who must carefully observe the temper and disposition as well as the constitution of each bird ; and various practices are re sorted to which cannot be hers described. It is through
