beginnings at each lamp, and being fixed to the frame which supports the lamps, is made to converge together and to the axis of the frame by curved lines. The object is to bring the tubes together behind the reflectors, as soon as convenient, joining two or more into one, like a system of veins, so that one ventilating Hue may at last carry off the whole of the lamp products. It is found that a pipe ⅞ths of an inch in diameter is large enough for one lamp; and where, by junction, two or more pipes have become one, if the one pipe has a sectional area, proportionate to the number of lamps which it governs, the desired effect is obtained.
Each of the pipes, ⅞ths of an inch in diameter, passes downwards through the aperture in the reflector over the lamp, and dips an inch into the lamp-glasses;
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it is able to gather and carry off all the products of combustion, though, perhaps, still 2 inches from the top of the flame, and therefore not interfering in any respect with it, nor coming as a shade between it and any part of the reiiector: the flame and redector are as free in their relation to each other as they were before. Neither does this tube hide from the observer or mariner, a part of the reflector larger than about 1½ square inch of
surface, and it allows of a compensation to two or three times the amount; for, when in its place, all the rest of the aperture over the lamp which is left open and inefficient in the ordinary service, may be made effectual reflecting surface, simply by filling it up with a loose, fitly formed, reflecting plate.
At this termination of the ventilating flue an important adjustment is effected. If the tube dip about an inch into the lamp-glass, the draught up it is such that not only do all the products of combustion enter the tube, but air passes down between the top edge of the lamp-glass and the tube, going, finally, up the latter with the smoke. In this case, however, an evil is produced, for the wick is charred too rapidly; but if the ventilating flue descends until only level with the top of the lamp-glass, the whole of the burnt air does not usually go up it, but some passes out into the chamber, and at such times
