486 FEDERAL EBPORTBB. �motion for running the machinery in harvesters, seed drills, hay tedders, etc. The power was applied in these machines by the same deviees employed by Shireman, but, to utilize it in the hay rake, Shireman had also to employ a lifting device adapted for a horse rake. He found this lifting device in prior inventions; but he certainly made a combination which was new. Not only had not the same parts been em- ployed to do the same work before, but the mode of operation was new. It cannot be doubted that the new combination produeed a more efficient machine. There are, undoubtedly, cases where a combination may be made of parts never com- bined before, where no invention is involved. Such is the case where a well-known contrivance is used to perform a function exactly analagous to that in which it was formerly used. This is not such a case, and I am unable to doubt that thought and intellect reside in the conception. �My principal difficulty bas been to determine which of the several claims embody correctly the subject of the patent. The first omits the lifting device, without which the other parts of the combination are useless, The second does not claim a patentable combination in view of the prior state of the art. The third omits the ratchets and pawls, and is so broad as to cover any devices by which a constantly revolv- ing axle can be secured in a hay rake. It would cover an axle made fast at both wheels. The fourth covers a lifting wheel in a horse rake which rotates constantly by power applied from both wheels when the rake is advanoing, "sub- stantially as described;" which means, when arranged and constructed substantially as pointed out in the specification. The fifth I construe as the equivalent of the fourth. The sixth should be construed as though the words "substantially as described" were added. The seventh and eighth include the pressure contrivance, which must be limited to the par- ticular construction described, or else is too broad, and if thus limited is not used by the defendants. �A decree for an injunction and accounting as to the fourth, fifth, and sixth claims of the patent is ordered, which will be settled upon the usual notice. ��� �
