Page:Federalist, Dawson edition, 1863.djvu/115

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Contents.
cxiii
Essay. Page
e. "restrictions on the authority of the several States," No. XLIII. 308
i. forbidding the establishment of treaties and alliances between them, 309
ii. forbidding the issue of letters of marque and reprisal, 309
iii. forbidding the coinage of money by them, 309
iv. forbidding the issue of bills of credit by them, 309
v. forbidding the establishment of any other legal tender than gold and silver, 310
vi. forbidding the passage of bills of attainder, 310
vii. forbidding the passage of ex post facto laws, 310
viii. forbidding the passage of laws impairing contracts, 310
ix. forbidding the establishment of titles of nobility, 311
x. forbidding the imposition of duties on exports or imports, 312
f. "the several powers and provisions by which efficacy is given to all the rest," 312
i. the power to make all necessary and proper laws for carrying the preceding powers into execution, 312
i. the necessity of such authority in the United States, 312
ii. other methods considered, 312
A. prohibiting the exercise of any power not expressly delegated to the Union, 313
B. a positive enumeration of the general powers so delegated, 313
C. a negative enumeration of them, by a specification of the reserved powers, 314
D. entire silence on the subject, 314
iii. the remedy for an abuse of this authority, 315
ii. the supremacy of the Constitution and constitutional laws of the United States, and of their treaties with other powers, 315
i. the effect of reserving the supremacy of the State constitutions therefrom, considered, 316
iii. the various officers, State and Fœderal, to be bound by oath to support it, 317
i. why State officers are to be thus obligated, 317
C. conclusion, that no part of the powers delegated to the Fœderal government is unnecessary or improper, 317
b. will the aggregated powers of the Union be dangerous to the reserved authority of the several States, XLIV. 318
A. if the objects of the Union can be attained only through the proposed Constitution, it is not a valid objection

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