CHAPTER XII
LEAVES—STRUCTURE OR ANATOMY
Besides the framework, or system of veins found in
blades of all leaves, there is a soft cellular tissue called
mesophyll, or leaf parenchyma, and an epidermis or skin
that covers the entire outside part.
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Fig. 113.—Section of a Leaf, showing the air spaces.
Breathing-pore or stoma at a. The palisade cells which chiefly contain the chlorophyll are at b. Epidermal cells at c.
Mesophyll.—The mesophyll is not all alike or homogeneous. The upper layer is composed of elongated cells placed perpendicular to the surface of the leaf. These are called palisade cells. These cells are usually filled with green bodies called chlorophyll grains. The grain contains a great number of chlorophyll drops imbedded in the protoplasm. Below the palisade cells is the spongy parenchyma, composed of cells more or less sphercal in shape, irregularly arranged, and provided with many intercellular air cavities (Fig. 113). In leaves of some plants exposed to strong light there may be more than one layer of palisade cells, as in the India-rubber plant and oleander. Ivy when grown in bright light will develop two such layers of cells, but in shaded places it may be
