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that the smoker is not content simply to absorb the nicotine through the mucous membrane of the mouth; he draws it into the lungs. The very mildness of the smoke leads to inhalation. Hence, as the surface of the lungs is a hundred times greater than the surface of the mouth, and its lining much thinner, cigarette smoking is far more injurious than cigar smoking.

The poison accumulates in the bowl of a pipe; hence an old pipe is very injurious. The irritation of tobacco smoke often sets up a chronic dry catarrh of the air passages; rarely it causes cancer of lips or tongue. Sir Henry Thompson says: "The only persons who enjoy smoking and find it tranquillizing at times are those who smoke in great moderation. Men who are rarely seen without a cigar between the lips, have long ceased to enjoy smoking. They are confirmed in a habit, and are merely miserable when the cigar is absent." They do not smoke for pleasure, but to escape misery which wiser men escape by avoiding tobacco altogether.

Fig. 85.—Flattened Chest and waist organs sunken from wearing tight clothing since the age of fourteen. Such women often walk with bodies bent forward to hide the prominent abdomen.

Fig. 86.—A Natural Woman.

Practical Questions.—1. State how in the case of a person with round shoulders a gradual remolding of cartilages (which ones?), the strengthening of the muscles (which ones?), and the practice of deep breathing may each contribute toward