trees are always deliquescent, morning-glories are always trailing or climbing, strawberries are always creeping. We do not know why each plant has its own habit, but the habit is in some way associated with the plant's genealogy or with the way in which it has been obliged to live.
The stem may be simple or branched. A simple stem usually grows from the terminal bud, and side branches either do not start, or, if they start, they soon perish. Mulleins (Fig. 53) are usually simple. So are palms.
Branched stems may be of very different habit and shape. Some stem systems are narrow and erect; these are said to be strict (Fig. 54). Others are diffuse, open, branchy, twiggy.
Nodes and Internodes.—The parts of the stem at which buds grow are called nodes or joints and the spaces between the buds are internodes. The stem at nodes is usually enlarged, and the pith is usually interrupted. The distance between the nodes is influenced by the vigor of the plant: how?
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Fig. 59.—Rhizome or Rootstock.
Stems vs. Roots.—Roots sometimes grow above ground (Chap. VII); so, also, stems sometimes grow underground, and they are then known as subterranean stems, rhizomes, or rootstocks (Fig. 59).
Stems normally bear leaves and buds, and thereby are they distinguished from roots; usually, also, they contain a pith. The leaves, however, may be reduced to mere scales, and the buds beneath them may be scarcely visible.
