Page:Foods and their adulteration; origin, manufacture, and composition of food products; description of common adulterations, food standards, and national food laws and regulations (IA foodstheiradulte02wile).pdf/197

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COMPARATIVE PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF OYSTERS BEFORE AND AFTER "FLOATING."

———————————————————————-+——————————————-+——————————————
                                               | James River Oysters | Potomac River Oysters
                                               | Transplanted To | Transplanted To
                                               | New Haven. | New Haven.
———————————————————————-+———————+———————+———————+——————-
Constituents of Oysters. | As taken | As taken | As taken | As taken
                                               | from beds. | from floats. | from beds. | from floats.
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
                                               | No. 82. | No. 83. | No. 85. | No. 84.
———————————————————————-+———————+———————+———————+——————-
In whole specimen: | | | |
Shell contents: | Percent. | Percent. | Percent. | Percent.
Flesh | 9.49 | 11.41 | 8.35 | 10.18
Liquids | 5.51 | 5.76 | 7.78 | 6.48
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total shell contents | 15.00 | 17.17 | 16.13 | 16.66
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
Refuse: | | | |
Shells | 84.36 | 82.35 | 83.25 | 82.97
Loss in preparation for analysis | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.37
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total refuse | 85.00 | 82.83 | 83.87 | 83.34
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
Total constituents, shell contents, and refuse | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
In flesh (body): | | | |
Water | 77.99 | 82.77 | 77.90 | 82.06
Water-free substance | 22.01 | 17.23 | 22.10 | 17.94
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total flesh | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
In water-free substance: | | | |
Nitrogen | 1.70 | 1.40 | 1.65 | 1.45
Protein (nitrogen × 6.25) | 10.63 | 8.79 | 10.31 | 9.09
Fat (ether extract) | 2.61 | 1.91 | 2.33 | 1.93
Ash | 2.21 | 1.55 | 2.17 | 1.58
Carbohydrates, etc. (by difference) | 6.56 | 4.98 | 7.29 | 5.34
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total water-free substance | 22.01 | 17.23 | 22.10 | 17.94
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
In liquids: | | | |
Water | 94.74 | 95.22 | 94.99 | 95.69
Water-free substance | 5.26 | 4.78 | 5.01 | 4.31
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total liquids | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
In water-free substance: | | | |
Nitrogen | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.33
Protein (nitrogen × 6.25) | 1.95 | 2.09 | 1.81 | 2.05
Fat (ether extract) | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.01
Ash | 2.54 | 1.42 | 2.47 | 1.19
Carbohydrates, etc. (by difference) | 0.73 | 1.14 | 0.71 | 1.06
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total water-free substance | 5.26 | 4.78 | 5.01 | 4.31
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
In total shell contents, flesh, and liquids: | | | |
Water | 84.15 | 86.95 | 86.14 | 87.36
Water-free substance | 15.85 | 13.05 | 13.86 | 12.64
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total shell contents | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
In water-free substance: | | | |
Nitrogen | 1.19 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 1.02
Protein (nitrogen × 6.25) | 7.44 | 6.54 | 6.20 | 6.37
Fat (ether extract) | 1.66 | 1.31 | 1.21 | 1.18
Ash | 2.32 | 1.50 | 2.32 | 1.43
Carbohydrates, etc. (by difference) | 4.43 | 3.70 | 4.13 | 3.66
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total water-free substance | 15.85 | 13.05 | 13.86 | 12.64
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
In whole specimen: | | | |
Shell contents: | | | |
Water | 12.62 | 14.93 | 13.89 | 14.55
Water-free substance | 2.38 | 2.24 | 2.24 | 2.11
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total shell contents | 15.00 | 17.17 | 16.13 | 16.66
Refuse | 85.00 | 82.83 | 83.87 | 83.34
                                               +———————+———————+———————+——————-
Total shell contents and refuse | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00
                                               +==============+==============+==============+=============
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