I 5 6 7 .] STATE OF IRELAND. 221 find constancy to the Catholic G'hurch, and hatred of the English.
- They all look to Spain/ he said, ' to deliver them
from English tyranny, to save their souls, and give them back the blessed Mass. The Mass indeed they everywhere still use in their own houses. In Youghal there are yet two monasteries, a Franciscan and a Dominican. The friars are much troubled by the Eng- lish. When their persecutors are in the neighbourhood, they emigrate to the mountains, or hide in their cellars ; when the coast is clear again, they return to their houses. 1 Everywhere, both in the cities and in the country, there is a universal desire for the appearance of a Spanish armada to deliver them from slavery, and to restore their churches to them. There is an English proverb in use among them which says ' ' He who would England win, In Ireland must begin.' ' The English Government had added largely to their difficulties by attempting to force the Reformation upon Ireland while its political and social condition was still unsettled. Of the prelates who were in possession of their Sees at Elizabeth's accession, 2 the Archbishop of 1 ' En Youghal hay dos monas- teries de frailes. uno de Dominicos y uno de Franciscos. Pasan gran trahajo a causa de los Ingleses que pasan por alii que los persiguen. Se van a la montana 6 se esconden en la tierra y luego vuelven a los mo- nastcrios.' a I cannot but express my aston- ishment at a proposition maintained by Bishop Mant and others, that the whole Hierarchy of Ireland went over to the Reformation with the Government. Dr Mant discovers that the Bishop of Kildare and the Bishop of Meath were deprived for refusing the oath of supremacy. The rest, he infers, must have taken the
