CHAPTER X.
NATIVE STRIFE AND PROGRESSIVE INCIDENTS.
1833.
CONFLICTING SENTIMENTS REGARDING NATIVES—POSITION A DIFFICULT ONE—YAGAN, THE "WALLACE" OF AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES—MEETING OF KING GEORGE'S SOUND AND SWAN RIVER NATIVES—GOOD ADVICE—FIRST TROUBLES—A SOLDIER SPEARED—YAGAN'S IRE ROUSED—NATIVE INCENDIARISM—LIST OF MAGISTRATES—CORROBOREE IN PERTH—A NATIVE FRAY—MR. LYON'S ADVOCACY—YAGAN COURTEOUS AND INSOLENT—WAR WITH SPEAR AND TORCH—EUROPEANS SHOOT TWO NATIVES—YAGAN, MIDGEGOOROO AND OTHERS RETALIATE—THE OUTLAWRY AND REWARDS—SEARCH PARTIES SCOUR COUNTRY—CAPTURE AND DEATH OF MIDGEGOOROO—YAGAN VISITS SETTLER'S HOUSES; HIS REMARKABLE CONFERENCE WITH G. F. MOORE—TWO BOYS SEEK FOR YAGAN AND TREACHEROUSLY SHOOT HIM—ONE OF THEM SPEARED IN RETALIATION—OPINION OF "PERTH GAZETTE" ON THEIR ACTION—MIDGEGOOROO'S SON AND WIDOWS—NATIVE NAMES OF GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES-CAPTAIN STIRLING STILL IN ENGLAND, WHITHER IRWIN ALSO GOES, AND CAPTAIN DANIEL BECOMES LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR—NEW LIBERAL PROPOSALS BY IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT—ARRIVAL OF VESSELS, POPULATION AND LAND SALES—CALCUTTA COLONISING COMPANY; THE PIONEER VESSEL IS LOST—SIR RICHARD SPENCER APPOINTED GOVERNMENT RESIDENT AT ALBANY AND THE CONDITION OF AFFAIRS THERE—ACREAGE UNDER CROP PRICES AND SALE OF ESTATES—ROADS, JETTIES, BUOYS, BEACONS AND MAILS—RULES OF A BARTER SOCIETY DRAWN UP—PARCELLING OUT LAND TO LABOURERS—DIFFICULTIES WITH SERVANTS—EMIGRATION—HABITS, LITIGATION—MORE OF THE LIFE OF A JUDGE—DUELLING—FIRES—SUPPOSED POISONOUS VEGETATION—PIONEER HORSE RACE MEETING—EXPLOIT OF TWO FISHERMEN.
A SERIOUS turn was given to the native troubles in 1833. The continued descent of blacks on the flocks and herds of settlers embittered the one race towards the other, and reprisals became more numerous. The furtive murders committed by either side caused each to be on the alert, but when violence was shown to a white woman some of her countrymen rose their wrath and said they would wage war against the old-time possessors of the soil. Sentiments of humanity had hitherto dominated the white population; they did not forget the splendid, though quiescent reception given them when they first sought to establish themselves in Western Australia. But now, many of the most earnest advocates for a peaceful and charitable treatment of the blacks experienced a revulsion of feeling, and announced that they would severely punish them. They could not long brook these grave attacks on their stock, nor could they calmly listen to the stories of murder which were intermittently noised abroad. The community was so small and so far removed from old associations that the death of any one of them occasioned profound gloom.
But the position was a difficult one. Men embued with English sentiments of fair play and respect for the persons of others could not coolly shoot down single blacks; to murder whole parties in blood was equally repulsive. The natives would not unite together and in open battle attack the invaders. All that their primitive natures would allow them to do was the covert stealing of stock by small bands or, upon the imagined demands of their laws, the murder of individuals so that their honour and superstition might be satisfied. The whites could not give full rein to their wishes, and the blacks were therefore permitted to openly roam the Swan River bush, and visit the homesteads of settlers and beg for food. So rapidly, it was said were their kangaroos and emus being exterminated that they must have recourse to settlers for the bare necessaries of life. During the scarcity of provisions among the white people in 1832 the usual allowances of flour, &c., were denied the natives, and hence the increased number of instances of thieving. The original fear of white weapons, too, had worn off, and having successfully murdered some men, they more readily murdered others. It was murder on both sides.
The inherent courage of certain native characters was brought out, and they in 1833 gave evidence of bravery and determination which would have done honour to the highest civilisation. No more conspicuous figure, probably, has ever risen among Australian natives than that of Yagan. The son of a chief, he was himself a man of strength and power; was the hope of his people, and inspired fear among the whites, who were wont to term him the "Wallace" of the Australian aborigines. Yagan was a unique specimen of native manhood, intelligence, sagacity, and bravery. He was over six feet high, and, one writer says, possessed a dignified bearing. He stood head and shoulders above his fellows, in mind as well as in body, and though a subject of terror to the white people, he yet commanded their admiration. He was the dominating spirit in the sanguinary native troubles of 1833.
The amicable relationship established with the aborigines at King George's Sound by Major Lockyer and Captain Barker still continued, and the blacks began to recognise the character and power of the Britishers, and to be affected by their civilisation. Mr. Dale, when returning to Perth in January 1835, took two King George's Sound natives with him, who were treated with some display of hospitality by the local whites and blacks. Yagan and others of the Swan River tribe expressed the desire to meet the visitors, named Gallypert and Maryat. On the 24th January Messrs. Dale and Smythe took the two men to what was known as Monger's Lake, where Yagan and ten of his tribe gave them an apparently cordial welcome. A conversation was initiated between them, but owing to a difference in language they had some difficulty in understanding each Other. But they were on mutual ground when some one proposed a trial of individual skill. Gallypert and Yagan took their spears, and one of the white men stuck his walking stick vertically in the ground. Both natives walked some twenty-five paces away, and placing their spears in their throwing-sticks hurled them at the object. The expert Yagan proved the better marksman, for at his first throw he struck down the walking stick. Gallypert was not so successful. Other trials of skill were made, and it was observed that the Swan River men had the advantage in appearance, strength, and aptness over their visitors. Gallypert advised the Swan River men to be peaceful towards the whites, and afterwards described his conversation to an interested listener as thus: "Me wonka (tell) black man—pear white man cow, white man yeep (sheep), white man kill black man; black man no pear (spear) cow, no pear yeep, white man give black man jacket, towlyer, york (shirt), and bikket (biscuit) plenty; black man wonka (say) no pear no more."
Then Yagan took up the thread of the discourse and recounted to his sable countrymen his experiences during his recent imprisonment at Carnac, and told them how he outwitted his guards. Finally he, as a distinctive act of courtesy and hospitality, seemingly adopted them into his tribe by an exchange of names.
Mrs. Leake, the wife of a prominent settler, entertained the King George's Sound natives with music on a "grand" piano. They expressed themselves as pleased and grateful, and murmured, "Tank u mem, very pretty." Not only did they articulate their delight, but danced the kangaroo dance to the accompaniment of
