Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 1).djvu/717

reign of the Emperor Claudius, p. 104, note

Hipparchus the first to construct a map on the principle of "Mercator's Projection," Introd. p. xl

Hoest, trade by silent barter between Moors and Negroes, noticed by, p. 22

Holy Writ, the only source of our earliest information about the most ancient ships and commerce, Introd. p. xvi

Howell, Mr., views of, on ancients' rowing, pp. 275-281

—— deems it impossible that vessels of more than five banks could have been rowed, p. 275


India, value of the trade with, and ancient and modern fear lest it should absorb too much of the precious metals required for the currency, p. 105

——, no reliable account of its actual resources before the invasion of Darius, p. 127

——, commerce of, with the West before Alexander the Great, chiefly by caravans through Bactra (Balkh), but scarcely known historically till he descends the Indus, pp. 127-134

——, comparative length of voyages to, in ancient and modern times, p. 145

—— to the E. of Indus little known till the time of the Romans, p. 148

—— shown by Arrian in his "Periplus" to have been very rich in manufactures, p. 152

——, caravans in, to Benares and Juggernaut, p. 153

——, Roman trade with, lasted more than five centuries, but interrupted by the Sassanian rulers of Persia, p. 157

——, Chinese trade with Western, and Ormuz, p. 158

Indian trade, no record of the ships, employed in, which, however, probably resembled that of St. Paul, p. 108

——, nature of the cargoes, freights thence for Europe, p. 109

Italian Republics, great variety of shipping employed by, pp. 486-493

——, custom of selling ships not required for the State, by proclamation, pp. 497-8


Jews, atrocious treatment of, during the whole of the Crusading period, pp. 469-470

Junks, Chinese, and other Chinese vessels have varied little, if at all, in the last 2000 years, pp. 131-3

Junto, the Spanish, are unwilling to admit the arguments of Columbus, pp. 561-3

Justinian, Reign of, distinguished by the overthrow of the Vandals in Africa, and of the Ostro-Goths in Italy, p. 215


Kane (in Hadramaut), in remote times, a place, having a direct trade with India, p. 119


Latitude, ancient, reckoned in stadia (of 201 yds. 1 ft. each) from the Equator to Syracuse, Introd. p. xli

Laws, Maritime, propounded by Richard I., founded on the "Rôles d'Oléron," pp. 379-392

Leghorn, sale of, by Genoa to Florence, in A.D. 1421, a heavy loss to Pisa, p. 524

Liburnians, their light and swift galleys adopted by Octavianus at the battle of Actium, pp. 163-4

Lighthouses, ancient, at Alexandria, Ostia, Ravenna, Brundusium, Capreæ, and Gessoriacum—perhaps, too, at Dover Castle, and Moel Van in Flintshire, p. 59

London first mentioned by Tacitus, and then as a place of considerable trade, p. 313

——, charges on ships trading to, p. 355

——, merchants of, so powerful as to secure the throne for Canute's son Harold, p. 361

——, William the Conqueror discerns its value, and gives its citizens special privileges, p. 369

Low Countries, principal commercial towns of, pp. 418-20

Lully, Raymund, attempts to prevent trade between Christians and Muhammedans, pp. 505-6

Lydia, Persians invade, in the hope of attaining thence a navy, p. 40

Lydians the first to strike coins, p. 40