Berlin decree enforced.
The news of the Berlin decree did not, however,
create at first so much alarm as might have been
anticipated. Its extreme rigour led the majority of
shipowners to believe it could not be enforced;
though more prudent parties waited to see the upshot
of the affair before they hazarded their cargoes on
distant voyages. Matters, consequently, remained in
a very uncertain state until March 1807, when enterprising
shipowners resumed their shipments. These
were carried on to a moderate extent, till August
1807, when it was found to a certainty that the
Berlin decree had been put in force, and that,
wherever the French could send their custom and
excise officers, a number of vessels and cargoes
had been seized, so that a virtual suspension of all
shipping to the continent took place from that date.
Increased rates of insurance. The seizure of various vessels at Antwerp raised the rates of insurance from England to Holland to fifteen, twenty, and thirty guineas per cent., and, at even these exorbitant rates, the greatest difficulty was experienced in effecting an insurance. It was then when her maritime commerce had suffered severely, that the English government resolved to put in force retaliatory measures of an equally stringent character.
English Orders in Council, 1807. The first Order in Council[1] only contained certain regulations under which the trade to and from the enemy's country should thereafter be carried on. The second order,[2] 17th of January, 1807, set forth that "whereas the sale of ships by*
