Progress of the changes in the Navigation Laws—Reciprocity Treaties—Austria, July 1838—Zollverein States, August 1841—Russia, 1843—Various anomalies, &c., then in existence—Curious effects of Registry Laws, as regarded individuals or corporate bodies—Ship Equador—Decision of the Queen's Bench, December 1846—Further details: owner to reside in the United Kingdom—Naturalisation of goods brought to Europe—Waste of capital caused thereby; and obstructions to trade—Story of the cochineal—But the Navigation Laws not always to blame—Special views of the Canadians—Montreal, its shipping and trade—Navigation of the St. Lawrence—Free-trade with the United States desired by the farmers of Canada—Negotiations proposed—Canadians urge the abolition of Protection—Views of Western Canada—Canadians, really, only for partial Free-trade—Improvements of their internal navigation—Welland Canal—Cost of freight the real question—Loss to Canada by New York line—General summary of results as to Canada—West Indians for Free-trade as well as Canadians—Divergent views of capitalists at home—Liverpool and Manchester opposed.
Progress of the changes in the Navigation Laws.
Reciprocity Treaties.
Austria, July 1838.
The first instance of privileges being granted to
ships of certain countries to import goods from
ports in other countries was in the case of Austrian
ships. The 4th clause of the treaty of 1838 between
Austria and England provided, that all Austrian
vessels from ports of the Danube, as far as Galatz
inclusive, should, with their cargoes, be admitted into
the ports of the United Kingdom and into all possessions
of Her Britannic Majesty, exactly in the
