Garstang, descends as a tortuous stream for five miles westward; then, in another five mile reach of one-third of a mile wide, north-westward, sweeping the light of Skippool, near Poulton-le-Fylde, on its way, and bursting forth from the narrows at Wardleys, upon a north trend, into the tidal estuary which embraces an area of three miles by two, producing a combined reflux of back-water, equal to fifty million cubical yards, and dipping with such a powerful under-scour during the first half-ebb, as to preserve a natural basin just within its coast-line orifice, capable of riding ships of eighteen or twenty feet draft, at low water spring tides; perfectly sheltered from all winds, and within a cable's length of the railway terminus, nineteen miles from Preston, and in connection with Manchester, Lancaster, Liverpool, and London. It is on the western margin of this natural dock that the town, wharfs, and warehouses are rising into notice, under the privilege of a distinct port, and abreast of which, the shores aptly narrow the back-water escape into a bottle-neck strait of but one-sixth the width of the estuary, so impelling it down a two-mile channel as scarcely to permit diminishment of its three and four-mile velocity until actually blended with the cross-set of the Lune and Morecambe Bay ebb waters. Thus, the original short course of Wyre to the open sea, is freed from the usual river deposit, its silting matter being kept in suspension until transferred and hurried forth at right angles by the ocean stream. It is, therefore, the peculiar feature and fortune of Wyre that, instead of a bar intervening between its bed or exit trough and the open sea, a precipitous river shelf, equal to a fall of forty-seven feet in one-third of a mile, exists."
The first steam dredger, of 20 horse power, was launched on
the 21st of January, 1840, and the important work of deepening
and clearing the channel at once commenced.
At a meeting of the Tidal Harbour Commissioners held at the port on the 21st October, 1845, it was stated that the harbour dues were—for coasting vessels, 1d. per ton, and for foreign ships, 3d. per ton; whilst the light charges were in all cases 3d. per ton. At the same time it was observed that the whole of the dues amounted in 1835 to £36 2s. 0d., and in 1845 to £528 9s. 5d. (In 1855 the dues on similar accounts reached £1,520; and in 1875, £2,427.) The Walney light was reported to be a great tax on vessels coming to Fleetwood, as they were charged 3d. a ton per year, commencing on the 1st of January; so that if a vessel arrived at the port on the 28th of December, a charge was made for the year just closing, and a further sum demanded from the craft on going out in the month of January. This was not the case with regard to similar taxes in other localities, where one payment exempted a ship for twelve months; and consequently the regulation acted in some degree as a deterrent to traders, who might under a more liberal arrangement have been induced to
