the advantage of their episcopal ordination, could not assume materially a higher social position. Lady Huntingdon had thenceforward no alternative but to seek for her ministers and her chapels the protection of the law, under the shield of the act of toleration, which could afford them its aid on no other ground than that of the recognized dissent of the ministers and the people of Lady Huntingdon's chapels.—I. T
HUNTINGFORD, George Isaac, D.D., a learned prelate, born at Winchester in 1748, and educated at the college of his native city and at New college, Oxford. He succeeded his brother as master of Westminster school in 1772, and while there published several works for the use of the student in Greek and Latin. In 1789 he was appointed warden of Winchester college, became bishop of Gloucester in 1802, was preferred to the see of Hereford in 1815, and died in 1832. Among his works are two volumes of sermons, and "A Call for Union with the Established Church, addressed to English protestants," printed in 1800. This latter work he dedicated to Mr. Addington, who had been his pupil, and was afterwards his patron. The bishop's theological works, comprising "Thoughts on the Trinity," "Charges," &c., were published by his nephew, Henry Huntingford, in 1832. They are characterized by sound reasoning, and a clear, forcible, and manly style.—J. B—r.
HUNTINGTON, Robert, D.D., was born at Deerhurst in Gloucestershire in February, 1636. He was educated first at Bristol free school, and then at Merton college, Oxford, of which he became M.A. in 1663. His successful application to oriental languages led to his appointment as chaplain at Aleppo. He left England in 1670, but was detained at Smyrna for some time, which afforded him an opportunity of visiting some parts of Asia Minor. At Aleppo he remained for several years, during which time he eagerly studied oriental literature, and sought after oriental manuscripts. In pursuit of the latter, and especially such as were in Syriac, he undertook numerous labours and journeys. He hoped above all to discover a copy of the Syriac version of Ignatius, of which he had read in the catalogue of Ebed Jesu. This, however, eluded his research, and continued unknown till brought to England by Mr. Tattam some years ago. Huntington visited Palestine, Cyprus, and Egypt, but failed to reach Palmyra. Of his manuscript discoveries, and of his diligent inquiries, a full account was published after his death by Thomas Smith, his friend and biographer. During his stay at Aleppo he corresponded with the leading scholars and critics of the day. He returned to England in 1682, by way of Italy and France, "leaving behind himself with the greatest joy Turkish barbarism and devastation." On his arrival he was created D.D. of Oxford, and soon after was chosen with Dr. Fell to read before Charles II. the famous decree of the university "against certain pernicious books and damnable doctrines." He was next appointed provost of Trinity college, Dublin, which he resigned in 1691. In 1692 he was presented by Sir E. Turner to the living of Hallingbury in Essex, where he married, and continued for several years. At length, in 1701, he was named bishop of Raphoe in Ireland, which he accepted, although he had previously refused the see of Kilmore. Thither he went, and twelve days after his consecration he died, September 2, 1701. Huntington appears to have published nothing but one short paper in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 161. Dr. Smith, however, edited thirty-nine letters by him, and twenty-one to him, which are full of interest to the oriental student at the present day. From these, and the memoir already referred to, are derived all that is known of the life of Huntingdon, who succeeded in collecting many hundreds of those MSS. which now enrich our libraries, and more especially the Bodleian.—B. H. C.
HUNTINGTON, William, S.S. (Sinner Saved), was born in 1744, near Cranbrook, of poor parents. After spending his early years as errand-boy, hostler, gardener, cobbler, and coal-heaver, he married and lived at Mortlake, Kingston-on-Thames, Sunbury, Ewell, and Thames Ditton. He appears to have been converted at Sunbury, whence he set out to preach as an itinerant at various places. He then came to London, and preached in Margaret Street chapel, which he exchanged for a new one in Titchborne Street, but this was burnt; and in 1788 he entered a larger building in Gray's Inn Lane, of which he continued minister till his death. He was in doctrine a high Calvinist; and, by the force of his genius and the boldness of his language, he obtained the most absolute control over his many followers. He was opposed by such men as Rowland Hill and Timothy Priestley; but he roughly handled them, and triumphed over all obstacles. In 1808 the Edinburgh Review affirmed that his income was more than £2000 a year; and certainly he had an unlimited power over the purses of his disciples. For his second wife he married the widow of Sir James Sanderson, Bart. He was uneducated, and was blunt, plain, and vulgar; but he had strong common sense, and self-confidence amounting to dogmatism. His style was forcible and idiomatic, and he was no less popular as a writer than as a preacher. His works, edited by his son, amount to 20 vols. 8vo; and from them the most perfect knowledge of his life and character may be obtained. He died at Tunbridge Wells, July 1, 1813. His real name was Hunt, which in early life he found it convenient to change.—B. H. C.
HUNTON, Philip, a nonconformist divine, who in 1643, during the sitting of the Long parliament, published a "Treatise on Monarchy," in which he denounced monarchy in general and the English monarchy in particular. In 1657 Cromwell made him provost of his new college at Durham, along with which office he held the living of Sedgwick until the Restoration in 1660. He then retired to Westbury in Wiltshire, where he had formerly officiated, and died there in 1682. His "Treatise on Monarchy" provoked a reply by Dr. Henry Fern, and elicited the famous Patriarchia of Sir Robert Filmer. It was ordered to be burnt by a convocation held on July 21, 1683.—G. BL.
* HUPFELD, Hermann, a distinguished German orientalist and theologian, was born at Marburg in 1796, where he studied theology and philology. In 1819 he became professor in the gymnasium at Hanau. Having been compelled by ill health to resign this situation in 1822, he went to Halle and studied under Gesenius. In 1825 he was chosen extraordinary professor of theology at Marburg, and in 1830 ordinary professor of theology, in addition to the oriental languages. He was called to succeed Gesenius at Halle in 1843. His merits as a profound and scientific Hebraist are very great. Whatever subject he touches is sure of being advanced in his hands. He is the author of "Exercitationes Æthiopicæ," 1825; Heft. 1 of a copious Hebrew grammar, 1841; various programmes on points of Hebrew grammar and the Jewish festivals; "Über Begriff und Methode der sogenannten biblischen Einleitung," 1844; and of a very learned commentary on the Psalms, of which three volumes have appeared. Professor Hupfeld has evinced a lively interest in all the ecclesiastical, political, and academical questions of his time.—S. D.
HURD, Richard, D.D., an English bishop and divine of last century, known as an elegant scholar and litterateur more than as a theologian. He was born at Congreve in Staffordshire in 1720, of "plain, honest, and good" parents, as he himself says. He was educated at Brewood, where there chanced to be a good grammar-school. At an early age he went to Cambridge, and was entered in Emanuel college. He took his bachelor's degree in 1739, and was admitted to his master's degree and elected a fellow of his college in 1742. Two years later he was ordained priest. Having published in 1749 his commentary on Horace's Ars Poetica, he was introduced by means of this publication to Warburton, on whose recommendation to Sherlock, bishop of London, he was appointed Whitehall preacher in the following year. A lively and warm friendship sprung up between him and Warburton, which was never interrupted. In 1757 he received from his college the appointment to the rectory of Thurcaston in the county of Leicester; in 1765 he was made preacher of Lincoln's inn; and two years later he received the archdeaconry of Gloucester from his friend Bishop Warburton. In 1775 he was consecrated bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and was finally translated to the bishopric of Worcester in 1781. In 1783, on the death of Archbishop Cornwallis, the king pressed upon him the acceptance of the primacy; but he "humbly begged leave to decline, as a charge not suited to his temper and talents, and much too heavy for him to sustain." He died in 1808, in the eighty-ninth year of his age. The writings of Hurd are chiefly critical and literary, although he also gave to the world various volumes of sermons. His edition of Horace's Ars Poetica, with notes and dissertation, and his "Dialogues, Moral and Political," are probably the best known of his writings. They show an elegant taste, and a thoughtful and cultivated mind; they were popular and valued reading in their day; but they can scarcely be said to have acquired any permanent place in literature. Hurd's style is correct and simple; his critical penetration often
