which only partially declined on the marriage of the king in 1559 with Elizabeth of Valois. It seems probable that she became the mistress of Philip, but finding her influence with him not sufficient to satisfy her ambition, she attempted to open an intrigue with the prince. Being unsuccessful, she entered into a plot with Don Juan of Austria (a natural son of Charles V.), the duke of Alva, and, later, Antonio Perez, the king's private secretary. The suspicions of the king were directed to an intrigue, which seems to have been wholly imaginary, between the prince and the queen, who had been betrothed to each other before Elizabeth's marriage with the king. One result of this combination was, that the Princess Eboli became the first lady-in-waiting on the queen. Another consequence was that alienation of the king's mind from his son, which, in all probability, would have brought the latter to the scaffold, had not his mysterious death anticipated the fate reserved for him. The death of the prince and the queen left the intriguers to follow out other designs, in which Escovedo, the secretary of Don Juan of Austria, who was now stadtholder of the Netherlands, was involved. There seems little doubt (although Ranke questions the fact) that a criminal connection subsisted between the princess and Perez, and that Escovedo had become aware of it. According to one account, he revealed what he knew to the king, who resolved to rid himself of the two men he had most reason to fear, by inducing Perez to cause the assassination of Escovedo. Another is, that the king was urged on to sanction the crime, which he undoubtedly did, by the princess and Perez, in order that Escovedo might not reveal their secret. Perez was arrested, and remained long in prison on the charge of murder. The princess was also implicated in the charge, and though she obtained her liberty, she fell into such complete contempt that the time of her death is unknown. The princess is, perhaps, best known to ordinary readers by Schiller's Don Carlos, and although she there serves only as a foil to the character of his hero, yet the portraiture is in the main quite as historical as any we possess. A monogram by M. Mignet—Antonio Perez et Philippe II.—is the most accessible source for all the facts relating to the later events of her life.—F. M. W.
* EBRARD, Johann Heinrich August, an eminent theologian of the reformed branch of the protestant church of Germany. His present position is that of first preacher and member of the consistory of Speier, in Rhenish Bavaria; but before 1853, when he was appointed to this post, he had been eleven years engaged as a professor of theology in several universities. He speaks of the late Professor Olshausen of Königsberg as his master, and several of his latest exegetical writings have been undertaken with the view of completing, along with similar contributions from Wiesinger, the excellent commentary on the New Testament of that lamented author. His first professorship was at Zurich, upon which he entered in October, 1844, on which occasion he delivered an inaugural lecture, which was published, in which he announced his conviction that the idea, peculiar to Christianity, of the union of the divine and the human—of God and man—is the key to the solution of the most important problems of modern theology. In 1847 he removed to Erlangen in Bavaria, where the theological faculty, properly so-called, is exclusively Lutheran, the chair provided for "Reformed" theology being extra facultatem. Here he found himself associated with colleagues of much eminence—Höfling, Thomasius, Hofmann, and Delitzsch—all of them men of kindred christian spirit to his own, though differing from him on the few points which separate the Lutheran from the German Reformed or Melancthonian church. His principal works are "Wissenschaftliche Kritik der Evangelischen Geschichte," a work on the gospels, intended to counteract the infidelity of Strauss' Leben Jesu, and which has obtained much success among the young theologians of Germany; "Das Dogma von Heiligen Abendmahl und seine Geschichte," an important contribution to the history of doctrines, especially of the sacramentarian controversy; "Christliche Dogmatik;" "Vorlesungen über Praktische Theologie," a course of lectures delivered at Erlangen; besides extensive commentaries on the epistle to the Hebrews, the Apocalypse, and the epistles of John. Ebrard, in the judgment of his countryman, Professor Schaff, "is one of the most gifted, learned, and zealous of the younger theologians of Germany. In an authorship of such uncommon productiveness, it was almost unavoidable that there should be many instances of hasty and immature judgment. But his works are by no means on that account to be thought slight and superficial. On the contrary they all contain evidence of well-directed studies and restless intellectual life and activity, and they are almost always of a stimulating and instructive character." If he seems to have written in too many departments of theology, Ebrard excuses himself in his latest work—his commentary on the epistles of John—on the plea that his duties at Zurich and Erlangen did not suffer him to confine himself to one or two branches; and that science has something to gain from the more comprehensive view which a theologian is thus enabled to take of the whole field of theological knowledge.—P. L.
EBREMAR or EVERMER, third patriarch of Jerusalem, lived in the thirteenth century. He was educated by Lambert, bishop of Arras, accompanied the first crusade, and on the deposition of Daimbert was raised to the patriarchate of Jerusalem. He showed much courage and vigour during the invasion of the caliph of Egypt. On his return from a journey to Rome, for the purpose of having his election confirmed by the pope, Pascal II., he found Baldwin, too, amongst the number of his opponents, and had to content himself with the see of Cæsarea.—R. M., A.
EBRÖIN or EBERWEIN, mayor of the Neustrian palace under Clotaire III. in the seventh century, was compelled to restrain his restless ambitious temper as long as the queen-mother, Bathilda, administered the kingdom. He attempted, on the death of Clotaire, to place his youngest brother, Theodoric III., on the throne, but was baffled by the partisans of Childeric II., and forced to seek the shelter of a monastery. When Theodoric at length obtained the Neustrian crown, Ebröin became his mayor of the palace, and formed designs on Austrasia. He was opposed by Pepin of Heristal, and in the course of the struggle was assassinated in 681 by Hermenfried, steward of the household, whom he had made his enemy.—W. B.
ECCARD. Echard.
ECCHELLENSIS, Abraham, a learned Maronite of the seventeenth century. He studied at Rome, whence he went to Paris to fill the chair of Syriac and Arabic in the royal college, and to assist Le Jay in preparing his polyglott bible. His biblical labours brought upon him the censures of Flavigny—a consequent dispute with whom caused his return to Rome, where he died in 1664. He was the author of several learned works; amongst others of "Eutychius Vindicatus, sive Responsio ad Seldeni Origines."—R. M., A.
ECCLES, John, a musician, was the son of Solomon Eccles, a performer on the violin, and the composer of some pieces printed in Playford's Division Violin, 1693. He was instructed by his father in music, and became a composer of some repute for the theatre. Amongst his theatrical compositions we may enumerate the music, consisting of incidental songs, act-tunes and dance-tunes to the following plays—The Mad Lover; the Fair Penitent; the Lancashire Witches; the City Lady; the Spanish Friar; Justice Busy; the Chances; the Way of the World; the Provoked Wife; the Richmond Heiress; Love for Love; &c. He also wrote the music to a tragedy called Rinaldo and Armida, and to Congreve's Ode on St. Cecilia's Day, performed in 1701; and was one of the successful competitors for the prize given by "several of the nobility," for the best music to Congreve's masque of the Judgment of Paris. The names of Congreve and Eccles so frequently appear in conjunction as poet and composer, as to lead to the supposition of a close intimacy between them. Eccles was appointed "master of her majestie's (Queen Anne's) musick," which situation he held to the period of his death, the date of which is not known. A good idea of Eccles' melodious style of composition may be gleaned from a perusal of his "Collection of Songs for one, two, and three voices," published at the beginning of the last century, and dedicated to his royal mistress.—E. F., R.
ECHARD, Jacques, a learned dominican monk, was born at Rouen in 1644, and died in 1724. He was admitted amongst the followers of St. Dominic in 1660. Echard is the author of a work entitled "S. Thomæ Summa suo anctori vindicata," 1708; and of another on the writers belonging to his own order—"Scriptores ordinis Predicatorum recensiti," 1719. Part of the latter work, which is in many places too eulogistic, was written by Jacques Quetif.—R. M., A.
ECHARD, Lawrence, an English divine and historian, born in Suffolk, probably in 1671. He was educated for the church at Christ's college, Cambridge; was presented to the livings of Welton and Elkinton in Lincolnshire; in 1712 became arch-
