about the year 511 was appointed bishop of Pavia. Along with Fortunatus, bishop of Catanæa, he visited Constantinople in the year 515, with a view to promote a union between the Eastern and Western churches; and with the same object he again went to Constantinople in 517 along with Peregrinus, bishop of Misenum. He failed in accomplishing his design; but he displayed skill and courage in the negotiations, and resisted the efforts that were made to corrupt him by the Emperor Anastasius. He died at Padua in August, 521. There are extant several works by Ennodius, such as his apology for the council of 502, to which we have referred above; lives of Anthony and Epiphanius, &c.; but they are not of much value. His talents were not of the highest order; his conscience seems to have been considerably elastic; and his style and manner of reasoning warranted Earnulf's pun "Totum quod loquitur esquisita quadam intricatione complicat et innodat, ut rectius Innodius quam Ennodius debeat appellari."—J. B. J.
ENRIQUEZ GOMEZ, Antonio, a Spanish writer, of Portuguese-Jewish extraction; the place of his birth is variously stated; educated in Castile. He renounced Christianity about 1638, and fled to France, where he was burnt in effigy by the inquisition in 1660. His chief work—"The Pythagoric Age," Rouen, 1644—is one of the most remarkable of that series of picaresque tales of which Gil Blas is the most familiar type. Incorporated with the work, which, under the guise of a series of transmigrations, depicts the most prominent phases of life in his day, is "The Life of Don Gregorio Guadana," a prose tale more directly resembling the earlier and coarser attempts of Quevedo and Aleman. Enriquez Gomez is also the author of some plays; of a heroic poem, "Sanson Nazareno;" and another—half lyrical, half narrative—"The Sin of the First Pilgrim."—F. M. W.
ENSOR, George, an Irish writer of much ability, was born in Dublin during the year 1769. His first publication appeared in 1801, under the title of "The Principles of Morality." This was followed by "The Independent Man; an Essay on the formation and development of those principles and faculties of the human mind which constitute moral and intellectual excellence," 2 vols. In 1810 appeared his work on "National Government" in 2 vols.; and in 1811 a book of similar dimensions on "National Education" appeared. This was followed by an elaborate treatise "On the Defects of English Laws and Tribunals;" "Observations on the present state of Ireland," 1814; "On the State of Europe," 1816; "An Inquiry concerning the Population of Nations—a Refutation of Mr. Malthus' Statements," 1818; besides an immense number of pamphlets on catholic emancipation, securities, poor laws, and other political questions of the time. Mr. Ensor also contributed, throughout a long period, many very able letters to the newspaper press of his native country. A posthumous work on property was published in 1844. Mr. Ensor died in the year 1843.—W. J. F.
ENT, Sir George, an English physician, born at Sandwich in Kent in 1604; died at London in 1689. He studied at Cambridge and at Padua, where he took his degree; became president of the college of physicians, and was knighted by Charles II. He was intimate with Harvey, whom he defended in his treatise, "Apologia pro Circulatione Sanguinis contra Æmilium Parisanum," 1641. His whole works were published at Leyden in 1687.—J. S., G.
ENTICK, John, an English divine of considerable reputation for learning. He is known as an author, having published a "History of the War which ended in 1763," five vols.; an English and Latin Dictionary; a "History of London," and some minor works. He died in 1780.—J. B. J.
ENTRECASTEAUX, Joseph-Antoine Bruni d', a French admiral, was born in 1739, and died in 1793. He entered the naval service at an early age, and took part in the Seven Years' war. In 1778 he was appointed to the command of a frigate of thirty-two guns, despatched to the Mediterranean for the purpose of protecting the French commerce in that quarter. In 1786 he was nominated commander of the station in the Indian ocean, and on the expiry of his period of service, was made governor of the isles of France and Bourbon. The French government having resolved, in 1788, to send out an expedition in search of the unfortunate navigator La Perouse, two vessels. La Recherche and L'Esperance, were fitted out, having on board a number of savans, who were to explore the countries the expedition was to visit; and D'Entrecasteaux was raised to the rank of vice-admiral, and appointed to the chief command. They set sail in September, 1791, and spent two years in exploring the coasts of New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, New Guinea, the Admiralty, and the Friendly Isles, but without finding any traces of their unfortunate fellow-countryman. The issue of the expedition was most disastrous. Huon de Kermadec, the captain of L'Esperance, died on the 6th of May, 1793, and D'Entrecasteaux himself, of scurvy, on the 19th of August. On their voyage homeward the survivors were captured off the coast of Scotland by a British frigate; but the objects of natural history collected during the voyage, were afterwards restored to the French government, through the influence of Sir Joseph Banks.—J. T.
ENVALLSON, Carl, was the most fertile of those authors called forth by the attempts of Gustav III. to form a Swedish national theatre. During twenty-one years he produced no less than eighty theatrical pieces, mostly of a comic character, but few of which now retain their place on the stage. Amongst these few, however, are his inimitable comedy, "Iphigenia den Andra," and his opera, "Slätterölet" or "Kronfogdarne." He became blind, and died in abject circumstances.—M. H.
ENZINA or ENCINA, Juan de, the founder of the Spanish secular drama, lived in the age of Ferdinand and Isabella, his first plays being acted in the year of the discovery of America (1492). He was born, probably at the village whose name he bears, about 1468, and educated at the university of Salamanca. At the age of twenty-five we find him at court in the household of the first duke of Alva, and while in this position his "Representaciones" were acted before the sovereigns and the court; some of them being styled "Eclogues," and others (it is hard to say why), "Autos," or sacred dramas. These eclogues partake strangely of the nature of the old religious representations (corresponding to our "mystery plays"), which had been popular in Spain from the earliest time, and not a little, also, of the coarse humour of the "Celestina," then in vogue. Six of the eleven eclogues in the first edition of his works are on subjects adapted to the church festivals at Easter and Lent. The other five are on wholly secular subjects. The plots are slight, but the lyrical poetry interspersed throughout all these works is sometimes of a high order. Not to enumerate the titles of all his works, we name only "The Squire turned Shepherd," and "The Shepherd turned Courtier," affording fine material for lyrical efforts, and for pungent remarks on life in those days. Soon after the publication of his works in 1496, Enzina went to Rome, where he became a priest, and the head of the chapel of Leo X. In 1519 he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and published a poetical account of his travels, of no great merit. His other works are descriptive poems—one of which treats of the glories of Ferdinand and Isabella—and some shorter pieces, written for special occasions. In his later years he received a priory in Leon, and returned to Salamanca, where he died in 1534. His monument may still be seen there. Six editions of his works were published between 1496 and 1516. An analysis and criticism of them may be found in Ticknor's Spanish Literature. The best Spanish life of Enzina is in Gonzalez de Avila's History of Salamanca, and a still more complete one by Wolf, in the Allgemeine Encyclopædie.—F. M. W.
ENZINAS. See Encinas.
EOBANUS HESSUS, Helius, born at Bockendorff, Hesse, in 1488; died in 1540; studied at Gemund, passed to the university of Erfurt, then set out in the manner of German tradesmen on his wanderings. In Prussia he became secretary to a bishop, but left this service for Leipzig. There he called himself a law student. Unluckily he had contracted in his wanderings the cacoethes of verse. Having also a taste for drink, he sold his law books and took to polite literature. He then went to the Low Countries on a visit to Erasmus, who received him coldly. He returned to Erfurt and had great success as a lecturer; but the plague visited Erfurt, and scattered his pupils. Through Melancthon's interest he was appointed professor of belles-lettres at Nürnberg. This did not do, and he returned and lectured again at Erfurt, but not with his former success. At last he found a place of refuge, if not of rest, at Marburg, the schools of which place were supported by Philip, landgrave of Hesse. His principal works were metrical translations into Latin from the Greek poets.—J. A., D.
EON, Chevalier D'. See D'Eon.
EOSANDER, Johann Friedrich, a Swede by origin, who lived a long time in Germany, and died in 1729 at Dresden. He was attached to the court of the elector of Brandenburg,
