past life, and wrote ascetic works entirely devoid of literary merit. From Naples he went to Palermo, where he obtained the spiritual charge of a nunnery, and finally, a few years previous to his death, he was readmitted into his order at Santa Croce di Campese, near Bassano, and gave himself up to religion. His principal poems are—"The infancy of Orlando" (L'Orlandino); "Opus Merlini Coccai poetæ Mantuani;" "Macaronicorum," in which there are a great many stories often imitated by Rabelais; and a great number of satires and epigrams in the same style. Folengo died on the 9th of December, 1544.—A. C. M.
* FOLEY, John Henry, R.A., was born in Dublin, May 24, 1818. At the age of thirteen he entered the art-schools of the Royal Dublin Society, and in 1834 became a student in the Royal Academy, London. In 1839 his name occurs for the first time as an exhibitor in the catalogues of the Royal Academy, his contributions being models of "The Death of Abel," and "Innocence." The favourable impression made by these was greatly increased in the following year by a model of "Ino and Bacchus," which, when afterwards executed in marble for the earl of Ellesmere, was universally recognized as one of the most graceful of recent pieces of sculpture; and when copied as a statuette in Parian porcelain became exceedingly popular. These works were followed, among others, by "The Death of Lear," 1841; "Venus Rescuing Æneas," 1842; "Prospero and Miranda," 1843; "Contemplation," 1845; "Innocence," 1848; "The Mourner," 1849; "The Mother," 1850; "Egeria," 1856, and again as a bust, 1859. All these were works of a very high order, whether regarded as works of imagination or as examples of technical skill; but as his fame increased, Mr. Foley grew to be so much in request for the execution of portrait busts and monumental statues, that his imaginative works became continually fewer and less important—a result much to be regretted for the sake of art, though doubtless greatly to the profit of the artist. The most important of his monumental works, and certainly of its class one of the very finest produced in this country for many years past, was the noble bronze equestrian statue of Viscount Hardinge, now erected in front of the government house, Calcutta, but which was for a time exhibited in the quadrangle of Burlington house, London, where it excited general admiration. A committee has been formed to secure a replica of it for the British metropolis. His statues of John Hampden and Selden in St. Stephen's hall, the grand approach to the houses of parliament, are also very noble works. His portrait busts are too numerous to mention. They are considered to be excellent likenesses, and they are unquestionably admirable works of art. Mr. Foley was elected A.R.A. in 1850, and R.A. in 1858. His diploma work, a small statue in marble of "The Elder Brother in Comus," was in the exhibition of the Royal Academy, 1860.—J. T—e.
FOLEY, Sir Thomas, a distinguished British naval officer, was descended from an old Pembrokeshire family, and was born in 1757. He entered the naval service at an early age, was for some time a lieutenant in the Prince George of 98 guns, served under Admiral Rodney, and took part in the various conflicts which occurred between the French and English fleets between 1780 and 1782. He was promoted to the rank of captain, 21st September, 1782. On the breaking out of hostilities with France in 1793, Captain Foley was appointed to the command of the St. George, carrying the flag of Rear-admiral Gell, who was nominated commander-in-chief of the British fleet in the Mediterranean. On the voyage thither. Captain Foley captured the St. Iago., a Spanish vessel, having on board two millions of dollars. He next served under Admiral Hotham, and distinguished himself in the encounter with a French fleet, in 1795, which sailed from Toulon to attempt the recovery of Corsica, and lost two sail of the line in the fight. He commanded the Britannia., under Sir John Jervis, in the famous battle of Cape St. Vincent, February 14, 1797, which terminated in the total defeat of the Spanish fleet, and by his bravery and skill contributed not a little to this brilliant victory. Shortly after he obtained the command of the Goliath of 74 guns, and in the following year joined Nelson's squadron in the Mediterranean. In the celebrated battle of the Nile, 1st August, 1798, Captain Foley led the van in the execution of that daring and masterly manœuvre which virtually decided the conflict, and led to the total destruction of the French fleet. In ten minutes Captain Foley dismasted his antagonist, the Conquerant, and afterwards assisted in overpowering the French ships in the rear. After the departure of Nelson for Naples, Captain Foley was appointed, along with Captain Hood, to guard the Egyptian coast. On the 30th of August he quitted this post, and rejoining the admiral, was employed in the blockade of Malta. About the close of 1799 Captain Foley returned home, but he was not permitted long to enjoy rest. In the following year he obtained the command of the Elephant, 74, one of the ships forming the Channel fleet. Early in 1801 he received orders to join the squadron under Sir Hyde Parker, with Nelson as vice-admiral, destined to attack the Danish fleet and batteries at Copenhagen. Nelson hoisted his flag on board the Elephant, and it was to Captain Foley his famous remark was made, when Sir Hyde Parker, fearing that the British fleet had suffered severely, made the signal to discontinue the action, which Nelson refused to obey—"You know, Foley," said he, "I have but one eye; I have a right to be blind sometimes:" and then, putting the glass to his blind eye, he exclaimed in sportive bitterness, "I really do not see the signal." Captain Foley was subsequently appointed a colonel of the royal marines, October, 1807; a rear-admiral, 28th April, 1808; commander-in-chief in the Downs in 1811; vice-admiral in 1812; knight companion of the bath in 1815; and grand cross in 1820. Appointed governor of Portsmouth in 1830, he died there 3rd January, 1833.—J. T.
FOLIGNO, Federigo Frezzi da. See Frezzi.
FOLKEMA, Jakob, an eminent Dutch engraver, was born at Dokkum in Friesland in 1692, and died at Amsterdam in 1767. Folkema's best works are his portraits, among which are numbered several of his more distinguished contemporaries, and his book-plates, after the designs of Picart and others. His historical engravings are generally of inferior value. Among the best are seven engravings—Nagler is mistaken in saying there are only four, the series of seven is now lying before us—from C. Le Brun's scenes in the History of Meleager, contained in the magnificent Amsterdam edition of Ovid, produced under the direction of Picart in 1732. Some of Folkema's portraits are from the drawings of his sister Anna, who practiced miniature painting, and executed a few engravings.—J. T—e.
FOLKES, Martin, a learned English antiquary, born in Queen Street, Lincoln's-inn-Fields, in the parish of St. Giles, Westminster, on the 29th October, 1690. When he was nine years old, his education was intrusted to Mr. Cappel, professor at Saumur in France, under whose instruction he studied for seven years. In 1707, at the age of seventeen, he entered the university of Cambridge, where he made marked progress in mathematics and philosophy. On the 11th November, 1714, he was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society, and chosen one of the council on the 30th November, 1716. The university of Cambridge conferred upon him the degree of M.A. on the 6th October, 1717. He was a second time chosen a member of the council of the Royal Society on the 14th December, 1718, and continued to be re-elected every year until 1727 In 1720 he was admitted a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and on the 17th January, 1722-23, he was chosen one of the vice-presidents of the Royal Society when Sir Isaac Newton was its president. After the death of Sir Isaac Newton, Mr. Folkes competed unsuccessfully with Sir Hans Sloane for the office of president of the Royal Society. He was re-elected a member of the council of that society on the 1st December, 1729, and was again appointed one of its vice-presidents on the 8th February, 1732-33. In this year he travelled with his family to Italy, where he remained until September, 1735. He made several interesting communications to the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries, particularly a dissertation entitled "Tables of English Coins, with their Weights and intrinsic Values," &c., read before the latter society on the 15th and 22nd January, 1735-36, and published in the same year. A reprint of this work appeared in 1745, to which was prefixed a "Table of English Silver Coins from the Norman Conquest to the present time, with several remarks upon their prices and their weights and intrinsic values." A new and much improved edition of this work, edited by Dr. A. Gifford, was published by the Society of Antiquaries in 1763. Mr Folkes furnished to Dr. Robert Smith some curious remarks for his book entitled a Complete System of Optics. In 1739 Mr. Folkes travelled to Paris, and was introduced to all the eminent literary men of that capital. He was elected president of the Royal Society on the resignation of Sir Hans Sloane in 1741. In 1742 he was chosen one of the eight foreign members of the Royal Academy of Sciences at
