self. Short and dissipated as was the life of Greene, he has left a considerable amount of composition. From 1584 he was known as a writer in many departments, but his reputation is mainly supported by his dramatic works. The principal of these are "The History of Orlando Furioso," the "Looking-Glass for London and England," "Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay," and "Alphonsus, King of Arragon." In these, notwithstanding their defects, Greene exhibits no ordinary talent, sprightliness, fancy, and considerable learning and an elegant style. Yet withal he writes, especially in his comedies, too much in a farcical vein of rude and extravagant jocularity. Of the contemporary dramatists Greene may be ranked next to Marlowe and superior to Lodge, his co-labourer. Indeed, many passages in his dramas are of a very high order of excellence. His poetical compositions are replete with images, and are occasionally very beautiful, though perhaps now and then overflorid in style. Greene, too, wrote a good deal of prose, but it bears the impress of the changes of feeling of his chequered life—now full of moral sentiment, good advice to profligates, a deep sense of penitence and remorse, and again licentious and indecent. Shakspeare borrowed the plot of his Winter's Tale from a novel of Greene's, "Pandosto, the Triumph of Time." Some of the verses contained in this are equal to anything of his day. The critical estimates of Greene are hard to reconcile; by some he is unduly praised, while others certainly undervalue him. The truth is, there is in his writings enough of what is very good and very bad to justify to some extent either criticism. The prose works of which Greene is undoubtedly the author, amount to thirty-four; many others are attributed to him. Adding his dramas and poems, the number reaches forty-five. Amongst the more important of the dramas attributed to him is "George-a-Greene the Tanner of Wakefield," but the better opinion is against his authorship.—J. F. W.
GREENE, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Ely, was born at Norwich in 1658, educated at Benet college, Cambridge, of which he obtained a fellowship in 1680, and was afterwards received into the family of Archbishop Tenison as domestic chaplain. Through the interest of the archbishop he became successively vicar of Minster in the Isle of Thanet in 1695, master of Benet college in 1698, a prebendary of Canterbury cathedral in 1702, rector of Adisham-cum-Staple and archdeacon of Canterbury in 1708. In 1716 he was instituted to the vicarage of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, Westminster, was consecrated to the bishopric of Norwich in 1721, and thence translated to Ely in 1723. He died May 18, 1738. His writings are—"The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper explained to the meanest capacities;" "The principles of religion explained for the instruction of the weak;" "Four discourses on the four last things, viz.. Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell;" and seven occasional sermons.—G. BL.
GREENFIELD, William, a distinguished biblical scholar, was born in London, April 1, 1799. His parents were of Scottish origin, and his father went out in the missionary ship Duff to the South seas, but was drowned on a subsequent voyage. William was taken by his mother to Roxburghshire, and destined for agricultural pursuits, but returned to London, and learned the trade of a bookbinder. While working at his trade, he acquired various languages, and was taken into the service of the late Mr. S. Bagster. He projected various important works, and edited the Comprehensive Bible, a revised Hebrew translation of the New Testament, a small Greek Testament, Concordance, and Lexicon, &c. In 1830 the Bible Society elected him their editor, and in that capacity he laboured for a time with great success; but his studies, and an attack upon his orthodoxy shortened his days, and he died, November 5, 1831. Mr. Bagster wrote an interesting account of his life in the Imperial Magazine for 1834.—B. H. C.
GREENHAM, Richard, a puritan divine, born about 1631, became a fellow of Pembroke hall, Cambridge, and subsequently rector of Dry-Drayton, where he remained about twenty-one years. He then removed to London, and died of the plague in 1691. His works, consisting of sermons and devotional treatises, were published in successive portions shortly after his death; and two editions of his collected works appeared in 1599.
GREENOUGH, Horatio, American sculptor, was born at Boston, United States, September 6, 1805. On leaving college, he went to Rome, where he studied under the friendly guidance of Thorwaldsen. With the exception of a visit to America for the recovery of his health, he continued to reside in Italy—for the most part in Florence—till 1851, when he returned to his native country to superintend the erection in the Capitol, Washington, of his colossal group of the "Rescue." This was a commission from congress, and in it he sought to typify the conflict between the Anglo-Saxon and the aboriginal races. His colossal statue of Washington, another national work, had been erected in the square near the Federal Capitol a few years earlier. Greenough now determined not to return to Europe; but his constitution had been enervated by the climate of Italy, and he died, after a short illness, on the 18th of December, 1852. Besides the works we have mentioned, Greenough executed several monumental and classic statues and portrait busts, and some graceful poetic groups and single figures. He was the first American who took high rank as a sculptor, and he was otherwise an accomplished and very worthy man.—J. T—e.
GREENVILLE, Sir Bevil, grandson of the heroic Sir Richard, was born in 1596, and in the troublous times in which his manhood was passed, proved himself one of the most gallant of the cavaliers. His influence in Cornwall, where, says Clarendon, "he was the most generally beloved man of the county," prevailed over the activity of the parliamentarian committees, and brought almost all the Cornish gentry to follow the royal banner. The force he and his friends raised defeated a parliamentary force on Braddock Downs, recovered Saltash, and reduced the leaders of the popular party, then in possession of Devonshire, to treat for the neutrality of the two western counties. In 1643 this negotiation was broken off, and in a severe and gallantly-fought battle on Stratton hill, the Cornish troops beat a superior force under Major-general Chudleigh, taking the general prisoner. Patiently submitting to the king's injudicious appointments of commanders and other officers. Sir Bevil and his associates joined the royal army at Chard, and advanced, 5th July, 1643, to meet Sir William Waller, who had taken post on Lansdownhill. A desperate conflict ensued, the result being a drawn battle, and the withdrawal of Waller by night to Bath. "That which would have clouded any victory, and made the loss of others less spoken of," says Clarendon, "was the death of Sir Bevil Greenville."—R. H.
GREENVILLE or GRANVILLE, Denis, D.D., was the son of Sir Bevil Greenville, and the brother of Sir John who was made earl of Bath. He was born in Cornwall a few years before his father's death, which took place in 1643, and was educated at Exeter college, Oxford. After enjoying several smaller preferments connected with the cathedral of Durham, he was installed dean in 1684. In 1690, however, he was deprived of his preferments in consequence of his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, and retired to France. He died at Paris in 1703, and was buried in the church of the Holy Innocents. Dr. Greenville published many sermons and political tracts, both before and after his leaving England; some of which are now rare and of considerable historical value.—J. B. J.
GREENVILLE or GRENVILLE, Sir Richard, was born at Kilkhampton, on the borders of Devon and Cornwall, about the year 1540. He was of the elder branch of the Grenvilles, which terminated with the marquis of Bath in the eighteenth century, while the younger branch issued in the duke of Buckingham. Sir Richard early justified his presumed descent from Rollo the sea-king, for, after serving against the Turks and in Ireland, and after sitting for a while in parliament, he gave himself up to the life of adventure on the seas, to which men of all ages and ranks were at that time powerfully drawn. His cousin. Sir W. Raleigh, was fitting out a second expedition to the colony of Virginia. The command of the small fleet of seven sail, with about one hundred men on board, was given to Sir Richard Greenville, who set sail from Plymouth on the 9th of April, 1585, and in August following planted a settlement on the island of Roanoak, returning to England immediately afterwards. His name was given to Port Greenville to the southward from Roanoak. In the following year Sir Richard sailed with three ships to the relief of the starving colonists, who meanwhile had been taken off at their own request by Sir F. Drake. Nevertheless, not to lose the right of possession in the country, Greenville landed fifteen men to occupy the territory. In 1591 Sir Richard was appointed vice-admiral to a squadron of six queen's ships sent, under command of Lord Thomas Howard, to cruise off the Azores, for the purpose of intercepting the Spanish Plate fleet. Here he closed his career in what has well been called, "perhaps the most astonishing naval
