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HAAK, Theodor, F.R.S., a distinguished German scholar and theologian, born at Neuhausen, near Worms, in 1605. He came over to England in 1625, and soon after went to Oxford, where he pursued his studies for some months, and then removed to Cambridge. Although he revisited the continent, he returned to England in 1629. During the German wars he received and transmitted the funds raised here for the relief of the sufferers. By order of the Westminster assembly he translated into English the Dutch Annotations upon the Bible, published in 1657. He translated part of Paradise Lost into German; also three thousand German proverbs into English, and a similar number of Spanish proverbs into German. He took an active part in founding the Royal Society, whose weekly meetings he suggested. He died May 9, 1690. He was a learned man, but wrote little He was intimate with many of the scholars of his time, and took the orders of deacon in the Church of England.—B. H. C
HAAS, Johann Matthias, an eminent German historian and geographer, was born at Augsburg in 1684. He received his early instruction from his father who bore the same name, and in his time was regarded as a superior mathematician and geographer. After pursuing his studies at Helmstädt and Leipsic, he received an appointment at Wittenberg, where he continued till his death, as professor of geographical and mathematical sciences. He died September 24, 1742. The life of Haas presents few points of interest; but he is well known for the zeal and success with which he prosecuted his geographical inquiries. His works are numerous and valuable. In 1744 appeared his map of Hungary, which he had constructed from the most careful observations. His map of Russia and Tartary, which was published in 1746, is one of the best, if not the best early map of those regions. The only work he published during his lifetime appears to have been a treatise on the dimensions of casks. In 1742 appeared his "Phosphorus historiarum, seu prodromus theatri summorum imperiorum," an outline of universal political history upon which he was many years engaged, and in which he endeavoured to trace the character and results of all great revolutions of states and empires. In 1743 appeared his "Historiæ universalis politicæ Idea plane nova ac legitima," &c., in which he sought to exhibit an outline of universal political history by means of forty-eight maps, sixteen chronological tables, and a few pages of letterpress. This is his most useful work. The "Historischer Atlas," published at Nuremberg, 1750, was derived from his materials.—B. H. C.
HAAS, Wilhelm, was born at Basle in 1741, and was eminent for the improvements he introduced into the typographic art. As a typefounder he made the establishment of his father one of great reputation. In 1790 he published a "Description of a New Printing-press invented at Basle in 1772," a work in which he first broached the idea of printing maps from movable types. He turned his attention to military engineering in 1789, and rendered great service to his country in that department. He was founder and director of the school of artillery at St. Urbain, where he died in 1800.—B. H. C.
* HAASE, Heinrich Gottlob Friederich Christian, a German philologist, was born at Magdeburg, January 4, 1808, and studied at the universities of Halle, Greifswald, and Berlin. Since 1851 he occupies the chair of eloquence in the university of Breslau. He is favourably known by his editions of Xenophon De Repub. Lacedæmoniorum, of Thucydides, Velleius Paterculus, and Seneca.—K. E.
HABERKORN, Petrus, who in his time enjoyed considerable reputation as a Lutheran divine, and more especially as a controversialist, was born in 1604 at Butzbach in Hesse Darmstadt. He was superintendent and professor of theology at Giessen. In 1651 he held a discussion with Valerianus Magnus, a celebrated capuchin in the castle of Rheinfels, by order of Ernest, landgrave of Hesse. His works are principally in defence of the Lutheran doctrines.—B. H. C.
HABERMANN. See Avenarius.
HABERT, François, a French poet, was born at Issoudun about 1520. After a youth of dissipation and distress he became secretary to the duke de Nevers, and received a pension from Henry II., who employed him on a translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses. His writings were numerous, but are almost entirely forgotten. He died either about 1562, or according to others in 1574.—W. J. P.
HABERT, Isaac, a doctor of the Sorbonne, who was born at Paris in the beginning of the seventeenth century. He distinguished himself by refuting in his sermons the Augustinus of Jansenius. In 1645 his zeal and merit were rewarded by Richelieu with the bishopric of Vabres. He died in 1668, leaving several works on ecclesiastical subjects, and a collection of Latin poems, chiefly in praise of Louis XIII.—G. BL.
HABERT, Louis, a French divine, born near Blois in 1636. He was grand vicar at Auxerre and other places, and was esteemed for his talents and character. He became a doctor of the Sorbonne, but suffered for his opposition to the ultramontane party and his Jansenist tendencies. He wrote a course of theology and other works, and died in 1718.—B. H. C.
HABERT de Cerisy, Germain, was born about 1615, and died about 1655. He embraced the ecclesiastical career, and became Abbé de Notre-Dame de Cérisy. One of the earliest members of the French Academy, he was charged to examine and criticize the versification of Corneille's Cid, but did not execute the task to the satisfaction of Richelieu.—W. J. P.
HABINGTON, Thomas. See Abington.
HABINGTON, William, an English poet, was born at his father's seat, Hendlip, in Worcestershire, on the 5th November, 1605. He was the eldest son of Thomas Abington or Habington (see Abington, Thomas) and of Mary, the daughter of Lord Morley. With so accomplished a father, the education of his son was carefully attended to. He was sent to the jesuits' college at St. Omer, and afterwards to Paris. Having finished his studies, and resisted the solicitations to become a jesuit, he returned to his father's seat an elegant scholar and an accomplished gentleman. Here he continued with his father in literary occupation, and finally married Lucy Herbert, the daughter of the first Lord Powis. This lady was the principal subject of his inspiration, and to her he has addressed his largest poem, "Castara," in three parts. In the first she is courted as his mistress, in the second celebrated as his wife; the third deals entirely with religious contemplations. In the first of these one is strongly reminded of Petrarch, especially in the sonnets commemorating the charms and the virtues of the lady. Habington continued to pass his life in quiet happy retirement devoted to literature, and died on the 13th November, 1645. In addition to his poems Habington also wrote a tragedy—"The Queen of Arragon," and "The History of Edward the Fourth," and "Observations on History." As a poet Habington takes a respectable place, below that of Waller, but superior to many of his contemporaries. He has the great merit of being always moral and pure, in an age when these qualities were not much in fashion. His versification is harmonious, and his sentiment, though disfigured by the conceits and florid language of the times, is often genuine and tender. Still his amatory poems want warmth, and remind us of what Moore said of Propertius, that "he makes love like a schoolmaster." If his compositions want the power and originality of a great poet, they have abundance of scholarly elegance and polish to give him a respectable place amongst the poets of his day.—J. F. W.
