and with which George II. is said to have been so pleased that he sent the author £100. Forty years after his death, in 1797, his unpublished comedy, "The Tatlers," was performed once, and only once, in London.—F. E.
HOADLEY, John, youngest son of the bishop of Winchester, was born in London in 1711, and educated at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge. At first he intended to study the law, but after being admitted at the Temple he abandoned the knights of that profession, and entered into orders. In 1735 he was appointed by his father chancellor of Winchester; and afterwards became successively chaplain to the prince of Wales and to the princess dowager. His connection with the court, and his agreeable manners, in which there was little of the churchman's restraint, obtained for him several rich preferments, including three or four rectories, a stall in Winchester cathedral, and the mastership of St. Cross. He was much attached to theatricals, was the friend of Garrick and Hogarth, and wrote five dramas, the merits of which do not justify the supposition that he materially assisted his brother in the Suspicious Husband. His most useful contribution to literature was the publication of his father's works in 3 vols. folio. He died in 1776.—G. BL.
HOARE, Prince, was the eldest son of William Hoare, R.A., and was born in 1754. By profession Mr. Hoare was a painter, but produced about twenty dramatic pieces, among which are, "No Song, No Supper," formerly a very popular farce; "Lock and Key;" "My Grandmother;" and other pieces of a light nature, the greater part of which have been published, though now forgotten. In 1802 the author published "Extracts from a Correspondence with the Academies of Vienna and St. Petersburg on the Cultivation of the Arts in the Austrian and Russian Dominions," &c., and in 1806 appeared "An Inquiry into the Cultivation and Present State of the Art of Design in England." These were his chief works; he is also the author of "Memoirs of Grenville Sharpe, Esq.," 1810 and 1828. Mr. Hoare succeeded Boswell as foreign secretary to the Royal Academy. He died at Brighton in 1834, aged eighty.—W. C. H.
HOARE, Sir Richard Colt, a zealous antiquary and writer of local history, born in 1758, was the eldest son of Sir Richard Hoare, the first baronet. Early in life he was initiated into the business of the family bank, and there acquired those habits of industry which enabled him, when in the command of wealth and leisure, to write and publish so much in illustration of the history of his native county. In 1783 grief for the loss of his wife drove him abroad. In this and succeeding journies which he made on the continent, he accumulated portfolios of drawings. Of these he gave a condensed account in a work, published many years later, under the title of "A classical tour through Italy and Sicily, tending to illustrate some districts which have not been described by Mr. Eustace," in 4 vols. 1818. On his return to England in 1791 he was more than once offered a seat in parliament, which he declined, for "he hated politics." Unable to visit the continent during the great war, he turned his attention to his native country, and made a careful examination of Wales under the guidance of the ancient Itinerary of Giraldus Cambrensis, of whose work he published a new and handsome edition in quarto in 1806. Applying himself then to the study of the antiquities with which the county of Wilts abounds, he wrote and printed many papers and books on the subject, of which a list may be seen in Martin's catalogue of privately printed works. At length, in 1821, was completed his "History of Ancient Wiltshire," in two volumes folio, a work full of curious information. With unabated zeal the now venerable baronet commenced a vast undertaking, the "History of Modern Wiltshire," of which he lived to complete the portion relating to South Wilts. With the aid of gentlemen who had been associated with him, eleven parts have been published, forming six volumes in folio, 1822-52. He died in May, 1838.—R. H.
HOARE, William, R.A., an English historical and portrait painter, was born at Bath about 1700, and died there in 1792. He studied for nine years at Rome, being some time under Francesco Fernandi, and settled in his native place when he returned to England. He obtained so much reputation by his portraits at Bath, that he was in 1768 elected one of the original members of the Royal Academy in London. There are two altarpieces by Hoare in churches at Bath—"Christ bearing his Cross," and the "Lame man healed at the Pool of Bethesda."—R. N. W.
HOBBES, Thomas, the Philosopher of Malmesbury, so called from a small town in Wiltshire, where he was born, April 5, 1588, somewhat prematurely, from the circumstance of the portentous armada of Spain having affrighted his mother. His father was the minister of the town. He went early to Oxford; and at the age of twenty undertook the office of travelling tutor to the heir-apparent of Cavendish, Lord Hardwicke, afterwards earl of Devonshire. He travelled with his pupil through France and Italy, and he resided in the family for several years after their return to England, During this period he enjoyed the friendship of Bacon, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Ben Jonson, and the Scotch poet Sir R. Ayton. In 1628 he published at London a little poem on the "Wonders of the Peak of Derbyshire;" and there also about the same time his translation of Thucydides. The merit of this translation lies chiefly in the simplicity and force of the language, in which respect it bears a creditable resemblance to the original. His object in publishing it was to bring historical warnings to bear on the minds of his countrymen, then in the ferment of civil troubles. To dissipate the grief occasioned by the early death of his late pupil, he went, in 1628, to France with another. Sir Gervase Clifton's son. He there devoted much time to mathematics. But in 1631 he returned to the Cavendish family and accompanied the young lord on the grand tour, in the course of which, at Pisa, he became acquainted with Galileo. In 1637 he returned with his lordship to England. But on the breaking out of the civil war he again quitted England for Paris, and there mixed in congenial society. M. Sorbiere, Father Mersenne, and Gassendi were amongst his friends, and Des Cartes became his correspondent. About this time he fell sick of a fever, mortal, as he and those about him feared. In this illness he sought religious consolation, not from his Romish friends, who essayed to convert him, but from Dr. Cosin, a learned divine, and according to the ordinances of the Church of England. At Paris in 1646 he published his work "De Cive." While still at Paris he had printed in London—where the press was free, regni novitas notwithstanding—in 1650 his treatises on "Human Nature" and "De Corpore Politico;" and in 1651, his great work quaintly designated "Leviathan." Singular as the title of this famous book may appear, it will not seem unaccountable if we consider it as having been dictated, either by the fact that its author embodied all earthly might in the sovereign, or by the circumstance that it was considered by his adversaries a political monstrosity. Although attached to the cause and fortunes of the exiled royal family, and intrusted about this time with the instruction of the prince, afterwards Charles II., in mathematics, his loyalty and religion were virulently impeached on account of the assumptions in his works with regard to the obedience due to rulers de facto, and to the supremacy of the sovereign in ecclesiastical matters. To escape assassination, he found it convenient to return to England, then under Cromwell, whom his principles allowed him, at least, to obey. Always fortunate in his intimacies, he now numbered among his friends, Harvey the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, Selden the jurist, Cowley the poet, and Vaughan, afterwards chief-justice of the common pleas. In 1653 he finally returned to the family of Lord Devonshire, who settled upon him a small pension. In 1654 he published the letters on "Liberty and Necessity," detailing the controversy which he had had with Dr. Bramhall, afterwards archbishop of Armagh, while they were in France; and about the same time he commenced a polemical correspondence with Dr. Wallis, the professor of mathematics at Oxford, in the course of which Hobbes had the mortification of having not only his geometrical positions but his loyalty impugned, though happily it afforded him the opportunity of recriminating on Wallis, who had gone some lengths with the republicans. From this contest, long persisted in, Hobbes finally retreated without glory. At the restoration in 1660 he regained some portion of the royal favour, and received a pension of £100 a year out of the privy purse; but the popular voice as represented in parliament and convocations still ran against him, and in 1666 his "Leviathan" and "De Cive" were censured by parliament. Soon after he was alarmed by the introduction into the house of commons of the bill for the suppression of atheism and profaneness, which some were officious enough to tell him would be enforced against him. In 1672 Hobbes wrote his own life in Latin verse; and soon after, his translations of Homer into English verse appeared in detached parts. This was the amusement of his old age. It might on that account claim exemption from criticism, if the poem were
