post in the office of the auditor of India accounts, where his chief was an Italian scholar. Hoole, when a boy, had become enamoured of Ariosto by reading him in the old version of Sir John Harrington, and he began to translate the Orlando Furioso into English verse of the modern style. He suspended this task, however, to execute an English translation of Tasso in verse. A specimen which he printed for the perusal of his friends in 1761 was favourably received; and in 1763 he published a translation of the Gierusalemme, dedicated to the queen, the dedication being written by Dr. Johnson, of whom he was a favourite. Some tragedies which he produced between the years 1768 and 1775 seem to have been unsuccessful. In 1773 he published the first volume of his version of the Orlando Furioso, which also was favourably received, but his prosecution of the translation was interrupted by his appointment to the office of East India auditor. He returned to his task after a time, and it was completed in 1783. Towards the close of this year he resigned his employments in the East India house, after forty-two years of continuous service, and retired with his wife and son, a clergyman, to the parsonage house of Abinger, near Dorking. In 1785 he prefixed to an edition of Scott of Amwell's essays a memoir of their author, which was to have been written by Dr. Johnson; but Johnson died before he had commenced it. Of the last days of Johnson, Hoole wrote an interesting diary, published in the European Magazine for 1799, and republished in the appendix to Croker's Boswell. In 1791 he published an abridged rifacciamento of his version of the Orlando Furioso, and a translation of Tasso's juvenile poem, Rinaldo. His last work was a metrical version of "Metastasio's Dramas, and other poems." This amiable and estimable man died at Dorking on the 2nd August, 1803. His versions of Tasso and Ariosto, smooth in versification and elegant in style, were long considered classics; but like all translations of the Pope-school, they have lapsed into disfavour with the new generation.—F. E.
HOOPER, or HOPER, the martyr, was born in Somersetshire about 1495, and was educated at Oxford. According to the probable account of some writers, he joined the Cistercian monks; at an early period, however, he imbibed the doctrines of the Reformation during a residence at Oxford. When the statute of the six, or bloody articles, was published by Henry VIII., "certain rabbines at Oxford began to stir coales against him;" and feeling that his life was endangered, he took refuge for a brief season with Sir Thomas Brundel, and resisted all the efforts and arguments of Bishop Gardiner in favour of the old faith. He ultimately fled to France; and on his return to England, being again sought after, he betook himself in disguise first to Ireland, and then to Switzerland, where he made the acquaintance of Bullinger, and by his advice married, and devoted himself to the study of Hebrew. He came back to England when Edward VI. ascended the throne, and distinguished himself by his eloquent preaching, his zeal against popery, and his boldness in confronting Bishop Bonner. His popularity was equalled only by that of Latimer. By the patronage of the earl of Yarmouth, afterwards duke of Northumberland, he was promoted to the see of Gloucester in 1550. His consecration was all but prevented by his refusal to wear the episcopal robes, particularly the rochet, the vestments being so similar to those of the popish church. Nor could he take the oath of supremacy with the addition "all saints" to the phrase "so help me God." Cranmer, Bucer, and Peter Martyr laboured to remove his scruples, but in vain. He published a defence of his opinions, in what he called "A Godly confession and protestation," &c. He was even imprisoned for his obstinacy, first in his own house, and then in the Fleet, but afterwards a compromise was effected. The words "all saints" were expunged from the oath, and he was to wear the episcopal robes only on high occasions, as when he preached before the king. His consecration took place in March, 1551; and Gloucester being "so poor a pittance for so great a clerk," he was also declared Bishop of Worcester the year following, holding it in commendam. He laboured faithfully in his two dioceses, preached often, and was rigid in the enforcement of discipline. His piety and hospitality were equally marked; out of his revenues he "pursed nothing, and in his palace was a daily dinner for so many poor people in succession," and he exercised a special superintendence over schools. At the accession of Mary he was brought up to London, and after several examinations and many efforts to induce him to recant, he was condemned to the stake. He was formally degraded on the 4th of February, and he died with heroic firmness at Gloucester, amidst the flames thrice kindled, on the 9th February, 1555. He published many treatises, and was, as Anthony Wood says, "a tolerable philosopher, but better theologist." Portions of his correspondence with Bullinger are preserved. Fox says of him, "that he was spare of diet, sparer of sleep, and sparest of time." Bishop Hooper's quarrel at his consecration was the precursor of the great national dispute; for as Heylin says, he was the first nonconformist. His principles, as Wood hints, were "too rigid and dissenting for the English church as appointed by King Edward VI." In that case he was the first of the puritans, and the debate about vestments soon aroused a fierceness which for years embittered the nation, and brought out no little intolerance on the one hand, confronted by no less inflexibility and stern endurance on the other.—J. E.
HOOPER, George, D.D., was born at Grimley, near Worcester, about 1640. He studied at St. Paul's and Westminster schools, and at Christ church, Oxford. He became chaplain to Bishop Morley, and soon after to Archbishop Sheldon, who made him rector of Lambeth and precentor of Exeter. He resided in Holland two years as chaplain to Mary, princess of Orange, and in 1680 became king's chaplain. On July 15, 1685, the "duke of Monmouth came from the Tower to the scaffold attended by the bishop of Ely, the bishop of Bath and Wells, Dr. Tenison, and Dr. Hooper, which four the king was graciously pleased to send him as his assistants to prepare him for death." The account which Hooper and his colleagues give of their treatment of the duke, shows that they seemed to think his salvation turned upon the doctrine of non-resistance, "about which he was much urged." Hooper published several works on the popish controversy. In 1691 he became dean of Canterbury and chaplain to William and Mary; in 1701 prolocutor to the lower house of convocation; and on the accession of Anne, bishop of St. Asaph, and then of Bath and Wells, to which Ken had declined to be restored. Burnet calls Hooper "a man of learning and good conduct," but "reserved, crafty, and ambitious." Both his admirers and others admit the great ability and learning of Hooper, whose talents would have shone in any department. Dr. Coney says "he was a good courtier, but a real christian." He died, September 6, 1727, at Berkeley, Somerset.—B. H. C.
HOORNE, Jan van, a celebrated Dutch anatomist, was born at Amsterdam in 1621. He commenced his studies at the university of Utrecht, and afterwards attended the courses in the principal universities in Italy, at Basle, and Montpellier. After receiving the honour of M.D. from the university of Basle, he returned to Amsterdam, where he soon afterwards obtained the chair of anatomy and surgery. This chair he occupied till 1643, when he was called to fill a similar one at Leyden, in which town he died in 1670. Hoorne was a man of considerable literary attainments, and is said to have been master of eight languages. His fame rests chiefly on his anatomical knowledge, a taste for which he contributed greatly to spread and make popular—a taste he had himself derived from the lessons of the celebrated Swammerdam. He seems amenable to the charge of arrogating to himself, as his own, discoveries which had already been made by others. Such was the discovery of the thoracic duct, which had previously been made known by Pecquet. He certainly, however, was the first to describe it in man. Hoorne has written various works on anatomical subjects; some of them not without considerable merit.—W. B—d.
* HOPE, Alexander James Beresford Beresford, politician, author, and connoisseur, is the youngest son of the late Mr. Thomas Hope, and was born in London on the 25th January, 1820. Educated at Harrow and Trinity college, Cambridge, he gained a scholarship and several prizes at the former, and at the latter the English and Latin declamation prizes, and the members' B.A. prize for a Latin essay in 1841. He commenced his career of amateur authorship by the publication in 1843 of a volume of poems, followed in 1844 by that of a volume of essays, and of "Hymns of the Church, literally translated for the use of English congregations." In 1841 he was returned to the house of commons as member for Maidstone, and took an active part in the discussion of religious and social questions. On the reconstruction of the Morning Chronical after the repeal of the corn laws, when it ceased to be the daily organ of the whigs, a series of letters signed D. C. L., devoted to the defence and popularization of high-church principles appeared
