ART OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENt' 5 of the social and legal principles involved. need a series of trade, economic political theory, It? would volumes on geography, international theory, and on sociology, ethics and public and private finance, equity and jurisprudence, fully to state and explain all the prin- ciples which have to they the be taken into account--in fact are practically co-terminous with the scope of respective sciences I have named. It will be possible only for me ?o indicate those principles which are of most vital importance in practically all the problems connected with development. The actual problem of the development of a special region ?nay well require the knowledge and application of other and less widely known laws of the sciences concerned. II. ?EOGRAPHICAL AND DEMOGRAPHICAL PRINCIPLES 1. lgeces?t.?j for Geographical Knowled9e.--Geogra. phical principles do not at first sight appear ?o have a close bearing on economic development, and they are usually left out of a serious mistake in the account; but? preparation this would be of any compre- hensire and orderly program of development. science describing phy is the t?e earth effects of Geogra- the surface features of and their relation to climate, and the both on the distribution of man and of animal and vegetable life. study of the distribution Demography is the detailed of mankind as to density of population, races, religions, occupations and so forth, most of its information being provided by the census. A thorough ciples, and a close knowledge study of of geographical prin- the geography and demography of any area ?o be developed is ly essential, as a preliminary to a proposed measures of development. absolute- consideration of 2. (?eograhical Units.-.Any extensive falls naturally into geographical units, the recognition territory
