REL.4 T TO INDIA oul?iva?ors. The problem presented by exoesslve subdivision tends ?o some ex?en? ?o solve itself; bu? ?he very devioe, v/?., sub-le?ling, by whioh ?o a oer?ain ext?n? ?he effeo?s of subdivision are neutralfeed, inoreases ?he fragmentation of '?he laud in ?he hands of ?he ao?ual eul?iva?ors. Them is, bowever, ?his hopeful feature in ?he si?na?ion, ?ha? while li?le oan be done ?o pu? a s?op ?o subdivision wi?hou? some radioal oha?ge in ?he Hindu laws of inberi?snoe, fragmentation is an evll whioh oan be remedied, and has in o?her ooun?ries been remedied, by less dras?io legislation. Coming now t.o ?he eoonomio condition of ?he vill?e, whioh is ?he subjeo? of Chapter VI, ?he following is a snmmary of ?he resul?s whioh Dr..?Iann arrives at. The estimated average inoome per head is Rs. 44, while Rs. 48 ?o Rs. 44 per head is ?aken as ?he s?andard of neoessary expenditure. The la?t, er fignre is exolusive, however, of ?he iu?eres? payable on debts, whioh ?mounls io ?he extraordinarily high figure of Rs. 5 per head, ?he estimated oapi?al indebtedness per head atnoan?iug ?o Rs. 96. No information, unfortunately, is given of ?he oauses of ?his indebt, edness; nor is any?Mng said as ?o how far ?he figures m?y be regarded ?s reliable. Inoluding ?his i?.em of oxpendi?ure, i? appears ?ha? ?he village, as a whole, is ino?pable of paying i?s way and a? ?he same ?ime main?slning ? deoen? s?andard of liv/ng. Eigh? families, however, oeoupy a position i, which ?here is ?n average exoess of Rs. 27 per head over neoessary expendi?nre (inoluding in?eres? on debra); and in ?he o?se of 28 o?her families ?here is an average exoess of Rs. It per head. The remaining 67 families (or 61 per oe? of ?he t.o?al number) show, on the other hand, an ?verage deficiency per head of Rs. 13. "This economic enqniry into the condition of the people of a typical dry Deceau village," Dr. Mann conclndes, "is dis- heartening. The debts are a crushing load on the people, bu? even were they removed more than half the .families would ?till not be able to pay their way." It has already been pointed out tl?st, economically, the village in qnestlon can by no means be regarded' as typical. Waiving this point, however, there remains the question as to .how far ?he pletnre given of its eeouomlc condition is a convincing one. Let us look, first, at the income side of the village balance-sheet, Accepting the metl?od (an un. satisfactory one in the circumstances o! : In?l,an agrieultural
