B UB?L L1PE OF OH OT?N? (?P UB but these elements are not evenly distributed. In some cases the Non-Aryan element predominates and in some other cases a particular H?ndu caste is the principal factor. But almost everywhere we notice a division of functions. carpenter to repair smith to keep the In every village the ploughs, a ?o?r agricultural implements there is a or Mack- in order. A barber is sn important personality, while the (washerman) is an indispensable factor. They are all paid by grain are potters and potter cannot be allowances. Xn big villages there weavers. The importance o! the overestimated, he supplies all the utensils used by poor villagers. The village weavers use the most antiquated forms of looms, they still move their shuttles with their hands. The average earning of a weaver can seldom exceed four annas a clay. The village artizans can hardly earn a sufficient livelihood if they stick to their own profession. They have' to supplement the product of their craft by taking recourse to cultivation. In many villages there are bani, as or sal<s who deal in grain and lend money at an exorbitant rate of interest. In some villages there is a headman, while in every village there is worship the spirits and priest whose function is to propitiate them. The gorai? was formerly a very important person in the village. He was a c?o?k?a? (watchman) and at the same- time the landlord's agent; but these functions have been separated, because as ch, owk?d?r, he .was tempted to report only such cases as were approved of by his landlord. It is a villages of the Hindus nise freely. very pleasant fact to note that in the Chotanagpur, there is no conflict between and the Muhammadans. "They frater- Tajgas furnish as much an occasion o! merry- making to the Hindus as Plut?a to the Muhammadans."
