698 ?ry great differences in the relative efficiency o! Indian and Europ?n labor. For example, statistics obtained' at the Buckingham and Carnatic mills showed that the out- put per employee in English mills was ll? times as great as a? those mills. On the other hand, when he had visited the Arsenal Workshops at Iohapore, near Calcutta, he had ?o?nd that ?or certain kinds o! work Indian workmen wore actually more efficient than English workmen, and the cost of such labor was considerably loss. tto ?elt that this question o! the relative efficiency o! Indian labor was a very difficult one. The moro one inquired, the more puzzled one became. We had perhaps overlooked the great dependence o! labor upon supervision for its efficiency. More supervision was reqn? in India per unit o! labor; but, as a subject o! Study, the art o! supervising labor was almost a now idea in India. An enormous opening ?or industrial prosperity and general progress existed in finding the correct methods of directing and stimulating laborers in India. PaoFassoa (3. D. THOMPSON (of Allahabad) said experioneo at eolliorie? in the Jhorria coalfield that the was that Indian labor was very inefficient and that the increased Sul?rviaion neb, essary to train the labor and maintain a high standard was too expensive aud did no? pay tor itself. Probably this ?as due mainly to the fact that the laborers who wore a?graeged go ghs coalfield had no ambition and no sense of duty. PROFESSOR K. V. RANOASWAM! AXYAlqOAIt (of Trivsndrum) thought from his own experience that there was justification for the demand that high caste workers should be paid higher wages than persons of low caste for the same work. His view was not due ?o prejudice; the need for differentiation between eastes was largely a matter of food, the customary standards of re(l?ements in this respect being very different ?o ba iu the different eastes. If high caste workers were employed in industries, it must be at wages which provide them with sufficient food. ttis experience would that the same laborer when better fed greatly improved in his efiioienoy. PltoPv.88ol? M. $. Az?za ?aid ?hag as regards etiieienoy u! labor iu India we ahould make a di?inogion bogween manual work and work h? whieh meugal effor? de?erminea ghe roegig of ghe work done. /ks regarda manu? work Indiana
