Korean Air did not provide the Safety Board with any documentation from its operations or training manuals on specific PF and PNF roles and duties taught during ground and simulator training. For approach procedures, the only specified duties for the PNF, as described in Korean Air's Boeing 747 Guidebook and 747 Aircraft Operating Manual (page 04.27.01, dated January 30, 1980), were as follows:
- Position flap lever as directed.
- Prior to crossing the outer marker cross-check all flight and navigation instruments, observe all warning flags retracted and all radios tuned to correct frequencies.
- Position landing gear lever down on command.
- Use windshield wipers and rain repellant as required.
- Check AUTO SPOILERS and AUTO BRAKE DISARM lights.
The Korean Air 747 Aircraft Operating Manual (dated October 1, 1984) described the following conditions and locations and the standard callouts for the PNF (with the flight engineer monitoring) during IFR conditions:
- First positive INWARD motion of localizer bar: "Localizer."
- First positive motion of glide slope bar: "Glide slope."
- Final fix inbound (altimeter, instrument, and flag crosscheck): "Outer Marker/VOR/NDB/etc., Time, ____ Feet, altimeters and instruments crosschecked."
- 1000 and 500 ft above field elevation (altimeter, instrument, and flag crosscheck): "1000/500, altimeters and instruments crosschecked."
- After 500 ft above field elevation: (Call out significant deviations from programmed airspeed, descent, and instrument indications.)
- 100 ft above DH [decision height]/100 ft above MDA: "100 above."
- Reaching DH or MAP: "Minimums, approach/strobe/centerline lights-- runway (or no runway).
Korean Air indicated that Standardization Circular 90-07, "747 Standard Callouts" (dated April 1996), described actions and callouts to be made during a nonprecision approach. The Standardization Circular Manual, which was issued to all pilots, contained general and aircraft-specific information. However, the callouts were not included in Korean Air's Boeing 747 Aircraft Operating Manual, company Operations Manual, or 747 Flight Crew Training Manual. Korean Air indicated in July 1999 that its pilots were trained to use the standard callouts during initial simulator training and were checked for the use of these callouts during simulator and line checks. Korean Air also stated that its pilots "always take this document in flight" and that the document is "readily available to
