I40 FORMATION AND COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
LESSON LVII
FORMATION AND COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
319. Adverbs are generally derived from adjectives, as in English (e.g. adj. sweet, adv. sweetly). Like adjectives, they can be compared; but they have no declension.
320.
Adverbs derived from adjectives of the first and second declensions are
formed and compared as follows:
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. Adv. |
cārus, dear cārē, dearly |
cārior cārius |
cārissimus cārissimē |
| Adj. Adv. |
pulcher, beautiful pulchrē, beautifully |
pulchrior pulchrius |
pulcherrimus pulcherrimē |
| Adj. Adv. |
līber, free līberē, freely |
līberior līberius |
līberrimus līberrimē |
a. The positive of the adverb is formed by adding -ē to the base of the positive of the adjective. The superlative of the adverb I.formed from the superlative of the adjective in the same way.
b. The comparative of any adverb is the neuter accusative singular of the comparative of the adjective.
321. Adverbs derived from adjectives of the third declension are formed like those described above in the comparative and superlative. The positive I.usually formed by adding -iter to the base of adjectives of three endings or of two endings, and -ter to the base of those of one ending;[1] as,
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. Adv. |
fortis, brave fortiter, bravely |
fortior fortius |
fortissimus fortissimē |
| Adj. Adv. |
audāx, bold audācter, boldly |
audācior audācius |
audācissimus audācissimē |
- ↑ This is a good working rule, though there are some exceptions to it.
