Page:Lowell Hydraulic Experiments, 4th edition.djvu/18

of navigation. Subsequently to the enlargement, however, this canal has been used both for purposes of navigation, and to supply water to the wheels of numerous manufacturing establishments.

The dam at the head of Pawtucket Falls, in the ordinary state of the river, deadens the current of the river for about 18 miles, forming, in low water, a reservoir of about 1120 acres; this extensive reservoir is of great value in very low stages of the river, as it affords space for the accumulation of the flow of the river during the night, when the manufactories are not in operation. This accumulation is subsequently drawn off, together with the natural flow of the river, during the usual working hours.

The total fall of the Merrimack River at Pawtucket Falls, in ordinary low water, is about 35 feet, of which about 2 feet is lost in consequence of the descent in the canals, leaving a net fall of about 33 feet. About 1/6 of the water is used on the entire fall, and the remainder is used twice over, on falls of about 14 and 19 feet respectively. The water-power has been granted by the Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimack River, in definite quantities called Mill Powers, which are equivalent to a gross power of a little less than 100 horse-power each. Grants have been made to eleven manufacturing companies, who have an aggregate capital, somewhat exceeding thirteen millions of dollars. Thus, to the Merrimack Manufacturing Company, there have been granted 24 2/3 mill powers, each of which consists of the right to draw, for 15 hours per day, 25 cubic feet of water per second on the entire fall. Up to this time, there have been granted at Lowell 139 11/30 mill powers, or a total quantity of water equal to 3595.933 cubic feet per second. A large portion of this water is used on turbines of a very superior description, and nearly all the remainder, on breast wheels of good construction, a portion of which, however, do not use quite the whole of the fall on which they are placed. We may, however, assume that, upon an average; a useful effect is derived, equal to 2/3 of the total power of the water expended. Calling the fall 33 feet, and the weight of a cubic foot of water 62.33 pounds, we shall have for the effective power derived from the waterpower granted by the Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimack River at Lowell,

$${{3595.933\times 62.33\times 33\times {2 \over 3}} \over 550}=8965.4{\text{ horse-power.}}$$