in which the wheel had the least velocity. In experiments 43 and 44, however, in which the wheel was prevented from revolving, by screwing up the brake, the quantity discharged was considerably above the minimum. Whether this is due to an accidental position of the buckets relative to the guides, presenting apertures more favorable to the discharge than the average of all positions, or whether it is due to some more general cause, the author is not aware.
73. Column 23. Direction of the water leaving the wheel, as indicated by the vane. The angles given in this column show the position of the vane, relative to a line passing through the axis of the vane, and parallel to a tangent drawn through the point in the circumference of the wheel, nearest to the axis of the vane, zero being in the direction of the motion of the wheel. The apparatus with which these angles were taken, is described at art. 43. In the experiments made when the gate was fully raised, or nearly so, the vane operated satisfactorily; but as the height of the gate was diminished, the indications of the vane became more uncertain. The vane was of nearly the same height as the orifices in the exterior circumference of the wheel; this was very suitable for the experiments with the gate fully raised, but in the experiments with the gate partially raised, a portion of the height of the vane was exposed to irregular currents, which probably interfered seriously with its operation. The observations made with the vane in the experiments in which the gate was partially raised, are much less to be relied on than those made when the gate was fully raised, the value of the indications being, in some degree, proportioned to the height of the gate.
74. Column 24. Mean elevation of the pointer on the bell crank. The numbers in this column indicate the mean positions of the bell crank, during the experiments, in reference to a gauge placed 6.5 feet from the fulcrum of the bell crank. It will be seen by the table that the mean positions differ but little from the horizontal; the pointer was however generally a little below, which indicates that the weight was generally lifted a little too high.
The play of the brake was confined between two fixed stops, placed so that when the pointer stood at 0.20 feet below the horizontal, the brake struck, — and it struck the other stop when the pointer was at 0.21 feet above the horizontal. The brake was not allowed, however, to touch either of the stops in any of the experiments reported, in which it was undertaken to regulate the friction of the brake; the fact that it did touch was deemed a sufficient reason to reject the experiment. Little inconvenience, however, was experienced from this cause, as the hydraulic regulator afforded very perfect control over the brake.
