Functional Package Management with Guix
Ludovic Courtès
Bordeaux, France
ludo@gnu.org
ABSTRACT
We describe the design and implementation of GNU Guix, a purely functional package manager designed to support a complete GNU/Linux distribution. Guix supports transactional upgrades and roll-backs, unprivileged package management, per-user profiles, and garbage collection. It builds up on the low-level build and deployment layer of the Nix package manager. Guix uses Scheme as its programming interface. In particular, we devise an embedded domain-specific language (EDSL) to describe and compose packages. We demonstrate how it allows us to benefit from the host general-purpose programming language while not compromising on expressiveness. Second, we show the use of Scheme to write build programs, leading to a “two-tier” programming system.
Categories and Subject Descriptors
D.4 .5 [Operating Systems]: Reliability; D.4.5 [Operating Systems]: System Programs and Utilities; D.1 .1 [Software]: Applicative (Functional) Programming
General Terms
Languages, Management, Reliability
Keywords
Functional package management, Scheme, Embedded domain-specific language
Copyright © 2013 Ludovic Courtès
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is available at http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gfdl.html. The source of this document is available from http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/guix/maintenance.git.
European Lisp Symposium 2013, Madrid, Spain
1. INTRODUCTION
GNU Guix[n 1] is a purely functional package manager for the GNU system[1], and in particular GNU/Linux. Package management consists in all the activities that relate to building packages from source, honoring the build-time and run-time dependencies on packages, installing, removing, and upgrading packages in user environments. In addition to these standard features, Guix supports transactional upgrades and roll-backs, unprivileged package management, per-user profiles, and garbage collection. Guix comes with a distribution of user-land free software packages.
Guix seeks to empower users in several ways: by offering the uncommon features listed above, by providing the tools that allow users to formally correlate a binary package and the “recipes” and source code that led to it—furthering the spirit of the GNU General Public License—, by allowing them to customize the distribution, and by lowering the barrier to entry in distribution development.
The keys toward these goals are the implementation of a purely functional package management paradigm, and the use of both declarative and lower-level programming interfaces (APIs) embedded in Scheme. To that end, Guix reuses the package storage and deployment model implemented by the Nix functional package manager.[2] On top of that, it provides Scheme APIs, and in particular embedded domain-specific languages (EDSLs) to describe software packages and their build system. Guix also uses Scheme for programs and libraries that implement the actual package build processes, leading to a “two-tier” system.
This paper focuses on the programming techniques implemented by Guix. Our contribution is twofold: we demonstrate that use of Scheme and EDSLs achieves expressiveness comparable to that of Nix’s DSL while providing a richer and extensible programming environment; we further show that Scheme is a profitable alternative to shell tools when it comes to package build programs. Section 2 first gives some background on functional package management and its implementation in Nix. Section 3 describes the design and implementation of Guix’s programming and packaging interfaces. Section 4 provides an evaluation and discussion of the current status of Guix. Section 5 presents related work, and Section 6 concludes.
- ↑ R. M. Stallman. The GNU Manifesto. http://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html. 1983.
- ↑ E. Dolstra, M. d. Jonge, E. Visser. Nix: A Safe and Policy-Free System for Software Deployment. In Proceedings of the 18th Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA '04), pp. 79-92, USENIX, November 2004.
