KLAPKA— KNOWLES.
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OhuTcli in 1858; Head Master of Twyford School in 1855; Censor and Tutor of Christ Church in 1861 ; Proctor of the University in 1863 ; Tutor to H.R.H. the Crown Prince of Denmark in 1863 ; Cen- sor of non-coUegiate students, 1868-1883; History Lecturer at Christ Church, and History Tutor at Christ Church, in 1882 ; and Dean of Winchester in 1883, in succession to Dean Bramston, who retired. He was Select Preacher at Oxford in 1863 and 1864; and Whitehall Preacher in 1866 and 1867. He was a member of the Heb- domadal Council of the University of Oxford, 1879-88 ; Governor of Ips- wich Endowed Schools; and was formerly Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Chester.- His works include ecutions of Bacon's " Novum Organum," 2 vols., 1855 ; Bacon's " Advancement of Learning " and '^Twyford Prayers," 1860; "Spenser's Fa€ry Queene," i., ii. 1867, 1869; "Catalogue of MSS. in Christ Church Library," 1867 ; translations of "Brachet's French Grammar," 1869; and of the same author's "French Dictionary," 1873. Dr. Kitchin is the trans- lator of part of Kanke's "Englische Geschichte," and author of a "His- tory of Pnuice," 3 vols. (Clarendon Press), 1878, &c. ; and "Life of Pope Pius II.," for the Arundel Society, 1881.
KLAPKA, Geobob, born at Temeswar, April 7, 1820, entered the army at the age of eighteen, was at first attached to the artillery, and completed his military educa- tion at Vienna. Sent, in 1847, into a frontier regiment, he was disgusted with the profession, and resigned. He was about to travel abroad when the Bevolution of 1848 broke out, and he resumed the pro- fession of arms. Fighting against Austria, he took command of a company of Honveds, and distin- guished himself in the war against the Servians. Towards the close of 1848 he was the chief of the
staff of Gen. Eis, and after the defeat of Kaschau (Jan. 4, 1849), replaced Messaros at the head of his corps d.*arm4e. Under Kossuth he was Minister at War, and en- tered completely into the views of the Government of the Ee volution. Quitting the Ministry, he took command of Comom, and vainly endeavoured to reconcile Kossuth and G5r gei . After the unfortunate capitulation of Yilagos (Aug. 13, 1849), Klapka maintained himself heroically in Comom, and menaced Austria and Styria, until he heard of the alleged defection of G5rgei. In Sept. 1849, a convention was signed between the defenders of the place and Gen. Haynau, and Klapka went into exile, first in London, and afterwards in Switzer- land and Italy. His "Memoirs," published at Leipsic in 1850, were followed by " The National War in Hungary and Transylvania," in 1851. In the unfortunate arrange- ments set on foot by Garibaldi for the attempt on Borne, in 1862, when he sought to excite the Hun- garians to take the field, a judicious counter-proclamation from Klapka, pointing out the headlong temerity and rashness of the undertaking, kept them quietly in their homes. In 1866, however, after the defeat of Austiia at Koniggr&tz, he formed a company of Honveds, and endea- voiired to bring about a revolution in Himgary, but the attempt failed, and Klapka fled to Oderberg. In 1873 he undertook the reorganisa- tion of the Turkish army.
KNO WLES, Jambs, born in 1831, was educated as an architect at a private school, at University Col- lege, in his father's office, and in Italy. He is a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and has executed many architectural works, chiefly in London and its neighbourhood — amongst which may be mentioned, Aldworth, the Surrey residence of Mr. Alfred Tennyson ; Kensington House, with its gardens and adjuncts ; the
