954
RUSSELL.
his operations, from the capture of Lucknow till the suppression of the mutiny, and served in Bohilcund, Oude, Ac, for which he received the War Medal with Lucknow Clasp. In 1858 he returned to England, and established the Army and Navy Gazette, of which he is now editor and principal proprietor, but his h'jalth had suffered so severely from sunstroke and bodily injury in India that he could not accept the proposals made to him to join the French army in the war with Austria in 1859, and he only visited Italy at the close of the campaign as a visitor to officers whose ac- quaintance he made in the Crimea. In 1861, however, he was once more engaged as " War Correspondent *' and went to the United States, where he was received with much distinction by President Lincoln, Mr. Seward, and General Scott in the North, and by Mr. Jefferson Davis and the Confederate authori- ties in the South ; but having written an account of the rout of t£e Fede- ral army at the first battle of Bull Eun, on 2l8t July, 1861, in which he was unluckily involved, he be- came the most unpopular person in the Northern States, and was as- sailed by constant abtise and invec- tive in the press. On being refused leave by Secretarv Stanton to sail with Gen. M'Clellan, who had in- vited him to the head-quarters of the disastrous expedition against Richmond, in the year following, Mr. Russell resolved to retuim to England, where he remained in quiet for some years, chronicling such events as the laying of the Atlantic cable and the Royal Wed- ding at Windsor, and engaged in literary pursuits and in the conduct of his paper ; but on the outbreak of the war between Prussia and Austria, in 1866, he was requested to proceed post haste to the Austrian army, where the Times was repre- sented by an officer whose early letters gave no proof of the high excellence to which he haa since
attained as a military writer. Mr. Russell was just able to reach Joeef- stadt, where the Feldzeugmeister von Benedek had his head-quarters, three days before the fatal battle of Koniggr&tz, and succeeded with great difficulty in escaping with the beaten army from the terrible calamity of Sadowa. He remained in Austria till peace was concluded, and at the time of the armistioe be- ing signed was with the corps of Kuhn in the Trentino, expecting active operations against the Gari- baldians in the valley. When the war of 1870 burst on Europe the War Office at home refused to j)er- mit Capt. Hosier, who had acted as special correspondent for the Timet at the head-quarters of tbe King of Prussia in 1866, to renew his connection with that journal, and Mr. Russell, who was in expec- tation of being permitted to join the French army, went at very short notice to BerUn, where he was re- ceived by the S^ing, the members of the Royal Family, and Prince Bismarck just before the army had concentrated on the Rhine, and thence he set out to join the head- quarters of the Crown Prince, which he reached the very day of the battle of Wdrth. He was at- tached as a g^est to the staff of His Royal Highness, and was pre- sent at the battle of Sedan, and at the siege and fall of Paris, which he entered with the Prussian tro<^, and remained in France tiU peace was signed. More recently he has chronicled for the Times the inci- dents of the Prince of Wales's visit to India. He was a juror at the International Paris Exhibition of 1878, and for his services was nomi- nated an Officer of the Legion of HonoTir. Mr. Russell has received, in addition to the Indian War Medal and Clasp of 1857-8, the Iron Cross of Prussia, the War Medal for 1870-1, the Turkish War Medal for the Crimea, the Order (4th class) of the Medjidie, the Order (4th claas) of the Osmanieh, the Order of Franz
