LETTER XXIX.
TERRITORY. POPULATION AND DEPARTMENTS. RATIO OF CASTES AND EDUCATION. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. PERIODICALS.
According to the best authorities, the territory of the Mexican Republic contains an area of 1,650,000 square miles, and the United States of America, 2,300,000. If we allow, as is calculated, that the square mile will maintain, under ordinary careful cultivation, a population of 200 persons, we shall have the sum of 330,000,000 for the total ultimate capability of the Mexican soil, and 460,000,000 for the United States,—or, 130,000,000 less in Mexico than in our Union.
It may be well for us to continue this comparative statement somewhat further. In the year—
| 1753 | our Population | was estimated at | - - - - - - | 1,051,000 |
| 1790 | " | " | - - - - - - | 3,999,827 |
| 1800 | " | " | - - - - - - | 5,305,995 |
| 1810 | " | " | - - - - - - | 7,939,814 |
| 1820 | " | " | - - - - - - | 9,638,131 |
| 1830 | " | " | - - - - - - | 12,854,880 |
| 1840 | " | " | - - - - - - | 17,069,453 |
I regret that there are not equally correct data for the statistics of population in Mexico. The census has been carelessly made at several periods, and I will endeavor to present you with what are deemed the most accurate estimates.
In 1793, according to the report made to the King of Spain by the Conde de Revellagigedo, the population of New Spain, exclusive of the Intendencies of Vera Cruz and Guadalaxara. was as follows:
| Indians, | - - - - | 2,319,741 |
| Europeans, | - - - - | 7,904 |
| White Creoles, | - - - - | 677,458 |
| Different castes, | - - - - | 1,478,496 |
| 4,483,599 | ||
| To which add the population of Vera Cruz and Guadalaxara, | ||
| according to the estimates of 1803, | 786,500 | |
| Total population in 1793 | - - - - - | 5,270,029 |
