| Positive | Eqtv. | Cpv. | Spv. |
| glân ‘clean’ | glaned | glanach | glanaf |
| teg ‘fair’ | teced | tecach | tecaf |
| gw̯lyb ‘wet’ | gw̯lỿped | gw̯lỿpach | gw̯lỿpaf |
| tlawd ‘poor’ | tloted | tlotach | tlotaf |
| budr ‘dirty’ | butred | butrach | butraf |
| gw̯ɥdn ‘tough’ | gw̯ỿtned | gw̯ỿtnach | gw̯ỿtnaf |
(2) But in Ml. W. the final consonant of the positive was not hardened in the comparative; thus we have tebygach w.m. 44, r.m. 30 ‘more likely’, tegach ‘fairer’ beside teckaf ‘fairest’ w.m. 226, r.m. 164, hyfrydach r.b.b. 50 ‘more pleasant’, r͑eidẏach r.p. 1249 ‘more necessary’. The tenuis is rare: kaletach b.t. 64, 69 ‘harder’. The media remained in Early Mn. W., e.g. rywiogach L.G.C. see § 115 ii; caledach G.G1. c. i 195; tegach T.A. a 14967/89; tlodach see ex.
- Aeth cerdd dafod yn dlodach;
- Aed ef i wlad nef yn iach.—H.D., p 99/416.
‘Poetry became poorer [by his loss]; may he go safe to heaven.’
The equative and superlative, however, always have the tenuis: kyn-debycket w.m. 34, r.m. 22, teccet w.m. 181, r.m. 84, teccaf a gwastataf w.m. 179, r.m. 83, etc. The ‑h- which caused this hardening is sometimes preserved in Ml. W.: dahet r.m. 50 ‘as good’; mwyhaf w.m. 179, r.m. 83; ky vawhet, gurhaw § 149 i (2); pennhaw (‑w ≡ ‑f) b.b. 102; see § 48 iv.
¶ On i̯ before the ending, see § 35 ii (2).
iii. In Ml. W. f. forms of the derived degrees arose, the endings being added to the f. positive; these are new formations, and are less frequent in earlier than in later texts; thus dissymlaf of w.m. 6 becomes disemɏlaf in r.m. 4. Other examples are tromhaf w.m. 82, r.m. 60; gwen(n)ach r.b.b. 60; gwennet r.p. 1239; dofnet do. 1276. A few survive in the Mn. period, eos dlosaf D.G. 402 ‘most beautiful nightingale’; berraf f. 17; Wennaf Wen.
iv. (1) The comparison of adjectives in the Ar. languages is largely formed by means of the Ar. suffix *‑i̯es‑. The L°-grade *‑i̯ōs gives Lat. ‑ior nom. sg. m. f. of the cpv.; the F°-grade ‑i̯os gives Lat. ‑ius the corresponding neuter; the R-grade ‑is is seen in the Lat. cpv. adverb mag-is. The R-grade ‑is- with other suffixes gave many forms of the cpv. and spv.
