ann- [soft] < *ando- < *n̥‑do‑: Lat. en-do‑, in-du‑, E. in-to; ánnedd § 63 ii; ánnerch ‘greeting’ < *n̥d(o)‑erk‑, √ereq- ‘speak’ § 63 iii; én-byd ‘dangerous’ (enbyd! ‘beware!’ in Festiniog quarries) < *n̥do-pit‑: pyd ‘danger’ < *qu̯i‑t‑, √qou̯ēi̯- ‘be ware’: Lat. caveo, Grk. κοέω: W. rhý-buẟ ‘warning’ < *pro-qu̯ei‑d‑; án-rheg ‘gift’: rheg ‘gift’ < *prek‑, án-rhaith ‘prize, booty; *bride, dear one’ < *n̥do-prek‑t‑, √pereq- ‘acquire, buy’: Lith. perkù, ‘I buy’, Gk. πιπράσκω (*‑pr̥q-sqō), extension of √per- in Gk. πέρνημι; án-fon < *n̥do-mon- § 100 iv; ani̯an ‘nature’ < *n̥do-g̑ₑn‑: Lat. in-genium.
dann- [soft] < *d(o)-ando‑; dánfon: anfon above; dán-gos ‘to show’ (S. W. dáŋ-gos; in N. W. with late assim. of ‑g‑, dáŋŋos) < *d(o)-ando-kons‑, √k̑ens‑: Lat. censeo, Skr. s̑ąsati ‘recites, praises, reports, shows’.
y‑, e- [nasal] < *en- ‘in’; emhennyẟ m.m. 23 (from r.b.) ‘brain’, cf. m.a. ii 107, 337, emennyẟ r.b.b. 54, s.g. 270 < *en-qu̯enníi̯o‑: Bret. em-penn, Corn. empinion, ympynnyon; mh- persisted in Mn. W., see m.m. 140, o ’mhoen (read o’m hun)/ymhennydd D.G. 501; the usual form yménnydd with abnormal loss of ‑h- before the accent may be due to early contamination with a form containing *eni‑; the form in Ir. is in-chinn < *eni-qu̯enn‑.
(2) he- < *sem‑; hebrwng § 99 vi.
(3) han- < *sani‑: Ir. sain ‘separate’, W. gwa-han-u, Lat. sine, E. sun-der, Skr. sanitúr ‘besides, without’; in hán-fod ‘being from, coming from, origin, essence’.
§ 157. i. No compound has more than two elements; but any element may itself be a compound. Thus anhyfryd ‘unpleasant’ is compounded not of an + hy + bryd but of an + hyfryd, though hyfryd itself is a compound of hy + bryd; similarly hardd-deg ymdrech 1 Tim. vi 12 is a loose compound, each of whose elements hardd-deg and ym-drech is itself a compound. All compounds must be so analysed by successive bisections.
- Deurúddloyw̯ fis dewisaf,
- Dyred a’r haul daradr haf.—G.Gr., p 51/49.
‘Most exquisite bright-cheeked month, bring the sun of summer ray.' Deurúẟloyw fis is a loose compound; its first element is a compound of deuruẟ and gloyw, deuruẟ itself being compounded of dau ‘two’ and gruẟ ‘cheek’.
ii. (1) In compounds of three syllables in which the first element is a compound, as pengrỿ́ch-lon D.G. 74 ‘curly-headed [and] merry’, a strong secondary accent on the first syllable often becomes a separate accent, and the syllable breaks loose, resulting in an illogical division; thus hī́r féin-wyn D.G. 16, for hirféin-wyn, a compound of hír-fain ‘long slender’ and gwyn ‘white’; téw góed-allt do. 328 for tewgóed-allt < téw-goed (do. 157) ‘thick trees’ and (g)allt ‘copse’; gárw̯ flóedd-
