ai e < ai ef is it so ?' yn't e for *arid fief ' is it not so 1 ' : (h)ef <
- 8emo-s, -d ' that, it, so' 159 iv (i). The S. W. second e repeats
the pron. of ae. Mn. W. ai comes from ai e, which is easier than ae (aq) e.
219. Affirmative Particles. i. (i) Ml. W. neu, neut before verbs, the former before consonants and with the same mutations as ny, the latter before vowels ; with infixed pron. neu'm, neus etc. ; with the perfective particle neur. Before nouns, adjs. etc. neut. [rad.] ' it is ' ; with neg. part, neut na(f).
neu cheint B.T. 19 ' I have sung ' ; neut atwen nat yr vy lies K.P. 1039 ' I know that it is not for my good ' ; neu'm due i Eljfin B.B. 67 ' E. brought me ' ; neu's ro8es W.M. 20 ' he has given it ' ; neur vum B.B. 7 'I have been' (also in full neu ry do. 74, W.M. 80) ; neut kyn- tevin, neut ru8 rycTt, neut crych egin K.P. 1036 ' it is spring, the furrow is red, the sprouts are curly' ; neut na'm dawr do. 1227 'I care not ' ; neut nat ry8 ib. In Early Mn. W. neu is a rare survival :
- E fu amser neu dderyw
- Ochfi! ban oeddwn iach fyw. 0.0.425.
' There was a time it is past ah me ! when I was alive and well.'
(2) neu for *nwy, 78 iii, < Brit. *nei loc. sg. m. of the pron. *no- : Gk. vat, Lat. nae 'indeed' (ei/ai 63 v (2)), Gk. vy, Lat. rie ' indeed ', instr. sg. m. of the same. The mutations after neu and the two uses of neut are to be explained like those of the parallel ny, nyt 217 iv.
ii. (1) Ml. W. y, c, y8, et ; yd, ed, yt ; yd-, yt(t)- ; Mn. W. y, y&> yr? yd-, yt-- In Mn. W. these are used almost exclusively before the pres. and impf. of the verb ' to be '. yd- was agglutinated to these tenses early, and ytt- spread from yttynt and yttoeb 189 iii (i), 180 ii (3). The compounds yd-wyf etc. were used like the simple forms, and might take other pre verbs before them, as neut yttiw dros amser W.M. 182 'it is past the time ', nit yttoy^wn i do. 8 ' I was not ', a yttiw Lawnslot yma S.G. I ' is Lancelot here ? ' Even yr yd- is common ; yr ydwyf 191 ii (2). In answers and denials the yd- forms only are used in the pres., except in the 2nd sg., as ydwyf ' I am! ' ydych 'you are ! ' but wyt ' thou art ! '
Ml. W. Yd wele(i)s-e Guendoku B.B. 53 ' I have seen Gwendolen '. Y roSet y march yr mob, ac y deuth hi . . . W.M. 33 ' The horse was given to the boy, and she came . . .' Ac y dyvu Glewlwyt y'r neuaS do. 457 'And G. came to the hall '. Pan 8oeth yti y peir ? E doeth im . . . do 45 (cf. 46) ' Whence came the caldron to thee ? It came to
