10 s. x. AUG. i, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
" anonym " and " antonym " have been
found useful. It remains to be seen if
" anonyma " will be, too.
Lastly, in 1891 some of the terms are inserted in the glossary (see p. 183) to the second edition of Mr. W. T. Rogers' s in- teresting book * A Manual of Bibliography,' with the initials R. T. appended.
But several terms were used by Querard besides those I give, as " auteur suppose," " editeur apocryphe," &c.
In the ' Handbook ' I do the same, as I use " disguised author," " fictitious name," " German pseudonym," " impostor," " lite- rary name," " name of religious order," as Ignatius (see the ' Handbook,' pp. 60 and 61).
Considering the trouble he was always in, we need not be surprised that Querard does not use his technical words with strictly the same meaning. Thus in the following entry, " L.P.G.F.D.L.C.D.J., auteur deguise [le pere Georges Fournier, de la compagnie de Jesus]," vol. iii., 1850, p. 156, " disguised author " is correct, but I should call it simply an initialism.
It may have been observed that I have never used the words nom de plume. I have always considered them bad, as being neither French nor English, but a mongrel English coinage by a person ignorant of French. Nor have I ever used nom de guerre as equivalent to pseudonym (see 10 S. viii. 248, 556). I do not object to "pen name," though I have never used those words.
The French examples included in the list to follow are all taken from ' Les Supercheries litteraires devoilees.' The English examples are from the * Handbook of Fictitious Names.' The others I have collected in the course of the years I have had the subject in mind.
For some of the technical words it will be observed I have found no French exam- ples, and for others, no English.
RALPH THOMAS.
(To be continued.)
GENERAL WADE AND HIS ROADS.
(See 3 S. ii. 192 ; 5 S. iii. 369 ; iv. 55 ; 9 S. i. 129, 209, 253, 334, 376 ; ii. 13.)
CAN the delicious couplet
If you 'd seen these roads before they were made, You'd lift up your hands and bless General Wade,
be traced in print further back than James Pettit Andrews's ' Anecdotes ' of 1789 ?
Much confusion exists as to the Highland
roads made by Wade, even the Ordnance
maps not being free from inaccuracy. Thus
I find lettered " General Wade's Military
Road " the road from Dulsie Bridge to
Fort George (one-inch map No. 84), the-
road from Fort Augustus to Bernera (Nos. 72,
73), and the road south from Fort William
via the Devil's Staircase (No. 53) ; while
as a matter of fact all these roads were con-
structed after Wade's death in 1748.
The Highland roads made prior to the Act of 1862, which transferred the super- intendence of roads and bridges to the Commissioners of Supply, fall into three- groups :
A. General Wade's Roads, also styled the " Old Military Roads," constructed between 1725 and 1733 : about 250 miles in all.
B. The " New Military Roads," con- structed between 1744 and 1770 : about 800 miles in all.
C. The " Parliamentary Roads," con- structed by the Commissioners under the Highland Roads and Bridges Act of 1803 : about 930 miles.
The principal roads falling under the first two heads are as follows : A.
Crieff, via Amulree and Aberfeldy, to Dalnacar- doch.
Dunkeld, via Blair, to Dalnacardoch.
Dalnacardoch to Dalwhinnie.
Dalwhinnie, via Corryarrick, to Fort Augustus.
Dalwhinnie, via Ruthven, Moy, and Faillie, to Inverness.
Inverness, via Stratherrick and Fort Augustus, to Fort William.
B.
Dumbarton, via "Rest and be thankful" and Inverary, to Tyndrum.
Stirling, via Tyndrum, King's House, and the Devil's Staircase, to Fort William.
Blairgowrie, via the Spital of Glenshee, Braemar,, Corgarn, and Dulsie Bridge, to Fort George.
Fettercairn, via Cairn a Mount, through Strath- bogie, to Fochabers.
Fort Augustus, via Aonach and Ratagan, to- Bernera.
Contin to Poolewe.
Portions of these early roads now definitely abandoned to the heather are :
The Pass of Corryarrick (traversed by Prince Charlie, 28 Aug., 1745).
The Devil's Staircase.
Moy to Faillie (traversed by Prince Charlie, 18 Feb., 1746).
Fort Augustus to Aonach (traversed by Dr. John- son, 31 Aug., 1773).
The authoritative source of information on the subject of Highland roads is the- forty-nine Reports (1804-43) of the Com-
