50
NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. iv. JULY 15, 1911.
Brisbane of Bishopton, Mathew, who left
descendants.
Any information concerning the above branches of the family of Brisbane, as also the origin and meaning of the surname, will be appreciated. Please reply direct.
E. HAVILAND HILLMAN, F.S.G. c/o Anglo-South American Bank, Old Broad Street, E.G.
DR. BARNARD, PROVOST OF ETON. To what family did Capt. George Barnard of St. Giles - in - the - Fields, grandfather of Edward Barnard, Provost of Eton 1765-81, belong ? Capt. Barnard married a lady named Martha (maiden surname unknown), and died in Flanders in 1693. It has been suggested that he was George Barnard, appointed as wagon-master to the Artillery Train for Ireland by the Duke of Schom- berg, where he served 1689 to 1690.
The Rev. George Barnard, father of the Provost, was curate in charge of Harpenden, Herts, 1716-46, and Vicar of Luton 1745-60. His wife's name was Dorothy (maiden sur- name unknown). I am anxious to ascertain the surnames of both Dorothy and Martha.
Dr. Edward Barnard's arms (Arg., on bend az. three escallops of the field) appear in * The Encyclopaedia Britannica,' vol. viii., 1797, but I have not been able to connect him with any of the families of Barnard or Bernard who now bear the same coat of arms. H. C. BARNARD.
Bury Orchard, Wells, Somerset.
PITT'S BUILDINGS : WRIGHT'S BUILDINGS. Could any of your readers kindly assist me to identify the houses known in 1793 as Pitt's Buildings and Wright's Buildings, Kensington ? Pitt's Buildings are mentioned by Faulkner, but not identified by Loftie. Do the houses still exist, or what streets have been built on their site ?
MARY TERESA FORTESCUE.
Sprydoncote, Exeter.
FOXES AS GUARDS INSTEAD OF DOGS. Can some one tell me whether the gates of the Dublin barracks were ever guarded by foxes instead of dogs ? or was it the gate of some estate in, or on the borders 'of, Wales that was thus guarded (1825 to 1840 say) ?
L. V.
DUBLIN BARRACKS, 1828-40. Can any one tell me what regiments were in the Portobello Barracks, Dublin, between 1828 and 1840 ? Had one of these regiments possibly foxes as pets ? L. V.
Edinburgh.
GUILDS OF WEAVERS AND
CLOTHIERS.
(11 S. iv. 8.)
THE clothiers were the descendants of the weavers. There were guilds of weavers first ; then guilds or crafts of drapers and tailors ; and later there were clothiers. The precise differences between these in- dustries, as far as can now be known, are dealt with in W. J. Ashley's ' Early History of the Woollen Industry ' (American Eco- nomic Association), Baltimore, 1887. This work in a revised and fuller form is embodied in his ' Economic History,' London, 1893, vol. i. part ii., together with far more valu- able and critical material than is found in any other book upon the subject of the cloth and woollen industries.
There were guilds of weavers at Win- chester, York, Huntingdon, and Nottingham as early as the twelfth century. In 1351, at a time pf some grievance among them, " the poor weavers of London " represented to Edward III. that Henry II. had given them a charter with a monopoly of their craft. Following the weavers came the drapers in the second half of the fourteenth century. The term "draper" was first used for any one working or dealing in cloth, and the drapers became rivals of the weavers in the sale of cloth. The drapers obtained a charter about 1364, and in 1384 they purchased a hall, and thus obtained an administrative centre. This hall was in St. Swithin's Lane, just off Cannon Street, which was then the centre of the weavers in London. The difference between drapers and tailors in the fifteenth century is not easy to define. The tailors of London secured a grant of incorporation in 1408, and the drapers in 1438. We find the tailors of Southampton acting as a corporate body against aliens in 1474. The drapers and the tailors shared the right of search at St. Bartholomew's Fair, testing the cloth sold by " the drapers' ell " and by " the merchant tailors' silver yard."
In the fifteenth century the cloth in- dustry spread from the towns to the country, and a new class of men, ca>lled clothiers, arose. These clothiers were unlike those who had gone before them, for they con- trolled every stage of the business, from the buying of the wool to the turning out of the finished article (Ashley, p. 228). "in the six-
