78
NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. iv. JULY 22,
Tarn arte quam marie.'" See ' Ordnance'Gazetteer
of Scotland,' edited by P. H. Groome, new edition,
vol. vi. (1896).
A more recent local historian, the Rev. Dr. Menzies Fergusson ( ' Logie : a Parish History, 1 1905, vol. ii. p. 263), expresses himself in somewhat similar terms :
" The man who cut the bridge was nicknamed Pin-wright. His descendants were the Wrights of Broom, whose arms, three carpenters' axes argent, on an azure field, with the crest, a dexter arm in armour, embowed proper, coupled at the shoulder, grasping an axe, and the motto, Tarn arte quam marte, refer to the event."
With regard to Fordon or Fordun, claimed as the authority for the Carpenter version, the author of the ' Scotichroiiicon ' is no doubt intended. Now probably the writer known as John of Fordun collected materials for his history in England and Ireland as well a.s in Scotland, and copies of his work in MS. are said to have been in the possession of almost every Scottish monastery, as also many in England. At the same time, I understand that the ~" ' Scotichronicon ' knows next to nothing of Cressingham, the English Treasurer, whose rashness at Stirling bridge lost the day for England. Fordun describes the battle (' Scotichronicon,' ii. 171, bk. xi. c. 29), but, so far as I am aware or have been able to ascertain, his remarks about Cressingham contain little information with respect to that individual's personal history. From all that one can gather, however, as to Cressingham's character, he was about the last man in the world to have recourse to stratagem in order to overcome a foe whom he despised, whether coming from Scotland or from Wales.
Taking these considerations into account, I would venture to suggest that the docu- ment to which MR. PIERPOINT calls attention was either intended original^ to be a bit of fun, or perhaps, and more probably, was a pedigree constructed by some eighteenth- century genealogist more desirous of earning his fee than of adhering strictly to historical fact. W. SCOTT.
"PALE BEER" (11 S. iv. 26). Writing subject to correction, I believe that " beer " is the technical term used by brewers for liquor distilled from grain ; '"black beer " is porter or stout, while ale is "pale beer." This rule has been broken of late years, because Lager beer is pale beer ; and in some parts of the country the terms are reversed what is " ale " in one part is " beer " in another, and vice versa. " Ale " was the oldest word ; "beer" is ale hopped : but virtually the terms " ale " and " beer "
are synonymous, so the brewer of " pale-
beer " would, according to a present London
description, be an " ale brewer."
A. RHODES
"HERE SLEEPS A YOUTH" (11 S. iv. 28). The lines given are the first verse of " an epitaph designed for Thomas Lloyd, Esq., of Alton in the C. of Salop, who died
of
Magazine of 1752. I can find no reference to Thomas Lloyd in the obituary notices of The Gentleman's Maga- zine. R. VAUGHAN GOWER.
-L'Ji3C., \JL .TVltUH ill lillV T^>. VI KJflMJjJ) VV1JU V*.
in March last," and appear on p. 427 The Gentleman's Magazine of 1752. I c
CARDINAL ALLEN'S ARMS (US. iv. 30).
Dr. A. Bellesheim in his life (in German)
of the Cardinal (Mainz, 1885, p. 280) gives
the inscription on the Cardinal's tomb in
the English College at Rome, and no doubt
his arms (if he bore any) would be figured
also on his tomb. They are shown on his
portrait prefixed to his Life, and are com-
posed of three animals (foxes or hares or
leopards ?). W. A. B. COOLIDGE.
Chalet Montana, Grindelwald.
RICHARD BADDELEY (11 S. iii. 189,. 492). He was secretary to Bishop Morton, and wrote his life. See ' Durham Cathedral Registers ' (Harl. Soc.) for notices of the Baddeley family. A. R. E.
" GABETIN "(US. iv. 26). The ' E.D.D.' testifies that a labourer's smock is still called a gaberdine in Northamptonshire, Suffolk,. Essex, Kent, and Sussex. ST. SWITHIN.
" BUT " = " WITHOUT " IN THE BIBLE
11 S. iv. 26). While one may cavil at the Revisers for retaining the A.V. text of Amos iii. 7, it is doing them Jess than justice to bracket the expressions of 1 Cor. vii. 4
,vith the construction in the old Testament passage. The translators of St. Paul's- statement render the original almost literally, the second clause in each division of the rse having its predicate suppressed. In "he two places the Apostle writes anti-
hetically dXX.' o dvijp and aA/X' 77 yvi/?},.
- he verb suggested in each case by the con-
text being eov(riafe. The readings of the A..V. are respectively "but the husband" and " but the wife," the implied predicate being "hath" or "hath power." Thus-
' but " in the English version represents the urreek particle, duly taking its place as an adversative conjunction.
It may not be amiss to add that " but >r
n the sense of " without " still does duty
