204 NOTES AND QUERIES. [ 12 s.ix. SEPT. 10,1921. p. 472. George Cressingham warns his father against his stepmother : . . . you shall find her beauty as malevolent unto you as a red morning, that doth still foretell a stormy day to follow. Webster has this again in 'A Cure for a Cuckold,' III. i. (IV. 44) : Bonvile : You look, me thinks, fresh colour' d. Lessingham : Like a red morning, friend, that still f ortells A stormy day to f ollow. p. 473. George, Water -Camlet's appren- tice, enters with the news that Mistress Water-Camlet is " departed." " Dead ! " exclaims Sir F. Cressingham, and George replies : In a sort she is, and laid out too, for she is run away from my master. Webster had a strange partiality for this paltry kind of equivocation. To quote one of many instances, in ' A Cure for a Cuckold ' (III. i.) Lessingham refuses to fight a duel with Bonvile on the ground that " it would show beastly to do wrong to the dead " : ... to me. You are dead for ever, lost on Calais sands By the cruelty of a woman. Act IV., sc. ii. The first part of this scene the interview between the Knaves bys, in which the wife leads the husband to suppose that she has become Lord Beaufort's mistress is Webster's ; the prose portion (after the entry of George, the apprentice) Middle ton's. Enfield. H. DUGDALE SYKES. (To be concluded.) GLASS-PAINTERS OF YORK. (12 S. viii. 127, 323, 364, 406, 442, 485; ix. 21, 61, 103, 163.) IX. THE GYLES FAMILY. HENRY GYLES, " trellessmaker " ('Freemen of York,' Surtees Soc.), father of Nicholas Gyles (born 1578, died 1622), grandfather of Edmund Gyles (bom 1611, died 1676), and great-grandfather of the famous Henry Gyles (born 1645, died 1709), all of whom were glass -painters. This notable family therefore carried on the art for three or perhaps four generations, and covers a period extending from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. In what year Henry Gyles, trellismaker, was born, or when he was free of the city, is not known. His i birth must have occurred some time before | the year 1533 or thereabouts, as his son | Nicholas was born in 1551. Henry Gyles | is described, in the entry in the Freemen's I Roll of his son's taking up his freedom by patrimony in 1578, as a " trellessmaker," i but exactly what this trade was is not easy ! to determine. Windows were frequently only partly I glazed, the lower portions being filled with a trellis or lattice of wood such as is nowa- j days used in gardens to train climbing I plants upon. The fifteenth-century dic- | tionary ' Promptorium Parvulorum ' gives ! " Trelys of a wyndow or other lyke," ! whilst another medieval dictionary, the ' Catholicon Anglicum,' has " a Treles i wyndowe (Trelese of A wyndowe)." Josselin, writing during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, gives a minute account of Corpus | Christi College, Cambridge, in which he I states that, though the Master's Lodge and
- Fellows' Chambers had glass windows, none
I of the other rooms of the College were i glazed (Willis and Clark, ' Architect. Hist.
- of the "Univ. of Cambridge,' vol. iii. ) ;
i whilst at Caius and Gonville Colleges, | Cambridge, 1589, according to the evidence I of the building accounts, the windows of | the Hall were evidently not glazed below i the transoms but closed with wooden | shutters (ibid., vol. i. 198). Ray, writing in 1661, states in his * Itinerary ' that in Scotland only the upper part of the window, even in the royal palaces, was glazed, the lower part being closed with wooden shutters. That a similar arragement was in use in the windows of Ludlow Castle Hall, as well as the Hall at Winchester, is shown by an examination of the stonework. Many writers state that inns in the seven- teenth century were rarely furnished with glass, paper windows with shutters for protection at night being used instead (Mon- taigne, ' Travels,' ii. 49, and iii. 51 ; Burton, ' Anat. of Melan.,' ii. 76 ; Ed. Browne, Letter, Sir Thos. Browne's Works, 1835, i. 101). To admit the air yet exclude the birds, a wood trellis was used, formed of torn oak laths interlaced and placed corner- wise, or " in saltire " as the heralds put it, for reasons of strength and motives of economy in material. The upper part of the window filled with glass was leaded .in diamond-shaped panes frequently painted with a pattern evidently copied from the actual wood trellis below, by drawing a border about three-quarters of an inch
