436 NOTES AND QUERIES. p* s. vi. DEC. i, 1900. twelve lines, raises doubts as to whether it rightly belongs to the collection at all. On p. 97 he says :— "The twelve-lined poem (cxxvi.), the last of the first'group,'does little more than sound a varia- tion on the conventional poetic invocations of Cupid or Love personified as a boy." A note appended at the foot of the page- begins :— "Shakespeare merely warns his 'lovely boy' that, though he bo now the 'minion' of Nature's ' pleasure, he will not succeed in defying Time's inexorable law." Mr. Lee gives instances of similar ad- dresses to Cupid by Sir Philip Sidney, Drayton, Fulke Greville, and Lyly. C. E. H. RELIGION : A DEFINITION (9th S. vi. 308,352). —I have in ray possession a pamphlet with the following title: "On the Common Area of Thought in the Different Significations of the English Word ' Religion.' A paper read before the London Dialectical Society, on October 2nd, 1878. By Alex. J. Ellis, B.A., F.R.S., F.S.A." (27 pp.). On p. 8 Mr. Ellis states that "the common ground, then, "on which the term religion is applied to all the very various systems of thought previously cited appears to be this: the all assume a theory of the universe, and they al base human conduct upon that theory. Religion then is a word used to imply a theory of the universe and foiuequtiit conduct. A theory of the universe, independently of its effect on conduct, is mere philosophy or science. A theory of conduct independently of a theory of the universe, by which conduct is influenced, is mere morality or sociology. It is making conduct deptndtnt upon the acceptance of some theory of the universe that I seem to fin<] the common ground required." He also says that " this is a very bald state ment," and possibly "grave doubts as to its correctness have arisen." The outcome of making conduct dependent upon some theory is conscience, for when that theory is not followed, then conscience or the psyche, or the moral nature, revolts and the even course of life is disturbed. Dr S. Smiles defines conscience thus: "Conscience is the moral governor of the heart" ('Cha racter,' 1874, p. 190). F. MARCH AM. LOSSES IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (9U S. vi. 288).— Northern Side. Killed or died of wounds ... ... 110,070 Died of disease ... ... ... 199,720 Died in prison ... ... ... 30,150 Total ... 339,946 Southern Side. In the report of James B. Fry, Unite< States Provost-Marshal-General, there is tabulation of Confederate losses, as compiled rom the muster rolls in the Bureau of Con- ederate Archives. The returns are incom- )lete, and nearly all the Alabama rolls are uissing. As they stand they show :— Killed or died of wounds ... ... 74,524 Died of disease ... ... ... 59,897 Died in prison ... ... ... 30,152 Total ... 164,573 Casualties in Navy.—Northern Side. Killed in battle or mortally wounded 1,804 This includes 342 scalded to death while in tctien by escaping steam from boilers pierced >y shot; also 308 drowned in action, from disease and accidents ... . 3,000 This includes 71 from accidents, 265 from incidental drowning, 37 scalded, 95 in Con- federate prisons. Unlike the army, the mor- ality from disease was not in excess of the normal death-rate of civil life. Confederate Navy loss in action ... 372 O. H. DARLINGTON. Lieut.-Col. William F. Cox, in his carefully prepared book concerning ' Regimental Losses in the American Civil War,' chap, xiii., gives these figures :— White soldiers.—Killed and mortally •wounded ... ... ... 110,070 Deaths from other causes ... 249,458 Negro soldiers.—Deaths from all causes 36,847 Losses from all causes in the Navy ... 4,804 Total Union losses ... ... 401,179 There is no satisfactory record of the Con- federate losses, but Col. Cox estimates them to have been more than 133,000. The aggre- gate of enlistments of Northern troops was 2,778,304 men. F. J. P. HIEROGLYPHICS (9th S. vi. 388).—These stand for the French phrase " Aime-inoi sans cesse." E. E. STREET. Chichoster. WATCH-CHAIN ORNAMENT (9th S. vi. 409).— The ordinary Italian sign to avert the evil eye. D. EARLY NEWSPAPER (9th S. iv. 148). —Mr. Max Rooses, the accomplished Keeper of the Plantin Museum, points out that the volumes referred to are described at p. 49 of the English edition (1894) of the catalogue of the museum as follows :— " 127 and 128. The first years, 1620-1622, of the Newspaper of Abraham Verhoevon of Antwerp, the oldest ncv.'spaper of Europe." The British Museum library contains (press- mark PP. 3,444 af) six volumes, lettered ' The Gazette of Antwerp," and covering (with
