9» s. vi. DEC. 22, i9oo.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 485 diately within, the southern wall of the town, the latter having absorbed the humbler de- mesne of the extinct Penitentiary Friars, whose garden, in name at least, still survives as Paradise Square. Within the Franciscan cemetery was ouried all that was mortal of Friar Roger Bacon. At the same university the beautiful meadows and gardens of Worcester College were, until the dissolution of the monasteries, the property of the monks of Gloucester and other Benedictine houses ; the classic grounds of Trinity belonged in like manner to the Benedictine monks of Durham ; the famous grove of St. John's was enjoyed by Ber- nardine monks: and the compact territory of the Oxford Union Society harboured the Benedictines of St. Mary's College, almost the only record of which—besides memories of Erasmus's visit to the learned Prior Char- nock, and of its later degradation into the city Bridewell—is the roof of Brasenose Chapel, removed, according to tradition, from the chapel of the former college at the dissolution. There remain the gardens of Merton and Corpus Christi, through which a private walk was made during the siege of Oxford, in order that Charles I. might pass from Christ Church to visit his queen at Merton; those of New College, which consisted anciently of a piece of waste land used as a plague pit, together with a lane running immediately within Henry III.'s town wall, still kept in repair by the college ; those of Exeter, with their great fig trees, which took the place of some of the earliest college buildings ; and finally the Physick or Botanical Garden, the earliest of its kind in the kingdom, being founded in 1632 by Henry Danvers. Earl of Danby, who gave five acres on the Cherwell, part of which property had served as the local burial- ground for the Jews, until their wholesale expulsion from England by Edward I. A. R. BAYLEY. THE TRANSLITERATION OP Two FOREIGN NAMES.—In the newspapers there are just now two frequent misspellings which should not be allowed to pass without protest, as they may lead to mispronunciations. The first is the South African name Lourengo Marquez, which often appears as Lourenco Marquez, owing either to carelessness or to a defective fount. In the latter case it would be better to print Lourenzo than Lourenco, as the first approximates more nearly to the proper sound than the second. The cedilla is intended to signify that of the two sounds of c, the sibilant, and not the k, sound is in- tended. The subscript cedilla is really a little z, as we see from the Italian word zediqlia, which is derived from the Low Latin diminutive zeticula, from zeta. The other misspelling is when the name of the German statesman von Billow is printed von Bulow. Here « stands for the diphthong ue, the superscript dots being originally only n, a curtailed form of the German script «, which resembles our TO. If the fount does not possess ii it would be better to print Buelow than Bulpw, which sets the teetn on edge as much as if the authorship of 'Faust' were attributed to a wholly imaginary per- sonage called Gothe or even Goth, or as if the names of ^Esop, jEschylus, Ceesar, Phoenician, or Phoebe were spelt Asop, Ascnylus, Casar, Phonician, or Phobe. Such misspelling leads to mispronunciation, as in the case of the late Prof. Max Miiller, who, owing to his name being commonly misprinted, is often called Muller instead of Miller, which is nearer to the correct sound. ISAAC TAYLOR. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHRISTMAS (continued from 9th S. iv. 515) :— 11 The oblation of poultrey at Christmas is men- tioned in Doomsday. —Stillingfleet, 'Ecclesiastical Cases,' 1698, p. 253. " Who would have thought to have seen in Eng- land, the churches shut and the shops open on Christmas day ?"—Howell's 'Letters, quot. in Butler's 'Hudibras,' 1812, vol. i. pref. p. xxxv. Hezekiah Woodward, 'The Lord's Day the Saints' Day, Christmas an Idol-Day,' London, 1648 ('D.N.B.,'lxii. 423 b). ' Christ's Nativity' in Henry Vaughan's ' Silex Scintillans,' 1650 (ed. 1900, pp. 65-7), concluding :— Alas, my God ! Thy birth now here Must not be numbred in the year. 1653, November. " Order for a bill to take away holy-days, and days not judicial." 1654, December 25. "The House sate though it was Chnstmaa-Day, and proceeded in their debates touching the government."—Whitelocke's 'Memo- rials,' 1682, pp. 549, 592. William Bray, ' Observations on the Christmas Diversions formerly given by the Lord of Misrule, from papers at Losely," in Archceoloyia, vol. xviii (1816). ' Christmastide in Old England' in the Church Times, 22 December, 1899, p. 757. W. C. B. " PENSEROSO." (See 7th S. viii. 326.)—In the review of ' The Cinque Ports' (ante, p. 459) I regret to read, "penseroso, if we may repeat Milton's misspelling of the word." Afc the above reference I showed that Milton's spelling was accurate, and that Mark Patti- son had thought otherwise through neglect- ing to observe the difference between the Italian of to-day and that of Milton's time. W, H. DAVID.
