9'- s. vin. DEO. 28, i9oi.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
531
Wreath [ that suggested the very odd title o
'Carnation, Lily, Rose,' to be borne by
picture at the Royal Academy a few year
ago. This by the way.
J. WOODFALL EBS WORTH. The Priory, Ashford, Kent.
This line occurs in a song composed by Dr Samuel Howard. PATRICK MAXWELL.
Bath.
"FRAIL" (9 th S. iv. 436, 507 ; v. 51, 158 ; vi 378 ; vii. 33, 177). A note should be made in your columns that PROF. SKEAT, in a lette to the Athenaeum of 9 March (p. 307), gavi. good reason for tracing the O.F./rae/, vrflael to the Latin flagellum, " a young branch or shoot." In 1205 \l. 12s. 2d were paid " pro ij f raellis ficuum " at Lambeth (' Rot. Litt Glaus.,' i., 1833, p. 88, col. 2). Q. V.
THE MITRE (9 th S. viii. 324, 493). MR. LEE is, I think, mistaken in saying that the Bishops of Durham were " Earls of Jedburgh.' So far as I can understand it, William the Conqueror created four palatinates, viz., Chester, Kent, Shropshire, and the bishopric of Durham, and coupled with the office of Palatine the old Saxon title of Earl or Ealdorman, an officer who, amongst the Saxons, was elected by the general assembly of the nation, and required the assent of the king and the Witenagemot. He was the chief of a hundred, or, as it was called in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Notts, Derbyshire, Northamptonshire, Rutland, and Leicester (and at Sadberge in Durham, alone north of the Tees), the wapentake (Bishop Stubbs's 4 Constitutional History ').
And so until 1836, when the palatinate jurisdiction was transferred to the Crown by 6 William IV. cap. 19, the bishop would be entitled to be called an earl ; but 1 cannot find that in consequence of this he was entitled by right to be summoned to Par- liament.
Surtees, however, says that Richard I. granted to Bishop Hugh "the manor of Sadberge with the wapentake to the same manor appertaining," and Sadberge became subject to the palatine jurisdiction of the see of Durham, and was governed after the same manner as the bisnopric (' History of Durham,' vol. iii.).
In another place (xxiv.) Surtees gives this story : In 1188 Pudsey, Bishop of Durham, was one of a body of commissioners appointed by Henry II. to obtain money for a crusade, both by levying a tax throughout Scotland and by selling or mortgaging the royal demesnes. Puasey himself became a cus-
tomer, and purchased from the Crown the
earldom of Northumberland for life, and the
wapentake of Sadberge for 11,000/. Henry
died before the crusade could be accom-
plished, and while Richard I. was in durance
vile, Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, jealous of
Pudsey, caused him to be decoyed to London,
where he was committed to the Tower, and
only obtained his release on his cession of
the earldom of Northumberland and other
dignities. He furnished, however, 2,000.
towards his sovereign's ransom, and on
Richard's return obtained the restitution of
Sadberge for 2,000 marks. But he does not
add that he acquired from the king, or by
election from the people, the title of Earl of
Sadberge.
The Bishop of Durham had two official seals, one as Palatine, the other as bishop. On the former he was generally represented in full armour on a galloping horse ; some- times, as on Bishop Hatfield's seal, there issues from the helmet an ostrich plume ; sometimes, as on Bishop Fordham's seal, the mitre is surmounted by the crest of an eagle rising ; and sometimes the mitre, surrounded by a coronet, was carved above the arms, as by Bishop Ruthall, 1509-22, on the building which he erected at Auckland Castle and on lis tomb at Westminster Abbey ; but the coronet never appears round the mitre or the episcopal seal. There the mitre is always Dlain. This, I think, shows that the coronet Belonged to the secular office of Palatine, and not to the spiritual office of bishop, and that t ought not to be associated therewith, "ndeed, now that the Bishop of Durham has
- eased to be a Palatine, he seems to be no
onger entitled to a coronet.
The adoption of a coronet round the mitre 'or archbishops can only be traced, I am .old, as far as Archbishop Juxon, whose arms, thus surmounted, appear on one of the windows in Lambeth Palace Chapel. There ire no coronets round any of the mitres of he archbishops in the painted glass at York Minster. There are two coats of arms apper- aining to the Archbishop of York, one the all, similar to that carried by all the arch- ishops, the other, saltire keys argent, and, n chief, a coroneted cap ; this, however, is ot bifurcated like the ordinary episcopal mitre, and is supposed to represent the raditional cap worn by St. Peter, to which 5 ope Boniface VIII., 1299-1303, added a econd crown, and Urban V., 1362-70, a nird crown, thereby forming the Papal iara.
The details of the early mediaeval coronets o notjseem to have been arranged by any
