382 Outlines of European History that there should be three states, a West Frankish kingdom, an East Frankish kingdom, and a kingdom of Italy. The West Frankish realm corresponded roughly with the present bound- aries of France and Belgium. Its people talked dialects derived from the spoken Latin, which the Romans had introduced after their army, under the command of Julius Caesar, conquered Gaul. The East Frankish kingdom included the rest of Charle- magne's empire outside of Italy and was German in language. Map of Treaty of Mersen This map shows the division of Charlemagne's empire made in 870 by .. his descendants in the Treaty of Mersen _ .., ... Obstacles to maintaining order Each of the three realms established by the Treaty of Mersen was destined finally to grow into one of the powerful modem states which we see on the map of Europe to-day, but hundreds of years elapsed before the kings grew strong enough to 'con- trol their subjects, and the Treaty of Mersen was followed by several centuries of constant disorder and local warfare. Let us consider the difficulties which stood in the way of peace.
