chapter i
Classification of Milling Machines
The existing types of milling machines are so numerous, and their designs merge into one another to such an extent, that it is very difficult to classify them definitely. But, taken as a whole, they may be said to consist of two distinct groups, those adapted to a variety of work, and those restricted to the performance of a single operation, such as gear cutting, bolt head milling, thread milling, etc. While this latter group embraces some valuable and interesting machines, the class of work done is of a more or less special character, and little can be learned from it of the general process of milling. For this reason, and also from the fact that it would be practically impossible to treat of every type in the limited space of this book, the first group alone will be considered. The machines of this group are classified in a variety of ways by different writers. We prefer to divide them, according to general appearance and design, into three classes, comprising the column and knee type, manufacturing type, and planer type. Such a classification brings out the characteristics of the different machines, and their relation to one another.
Column and Knee Milling Machines
An illustration of a representative example of the column and knee type of milling machine is shown on the opposite page. This machine is the most recent of the three types named, having been in existence about fifty years. The rapid strides, however, that have been made within the past few years in the process of milling are largely due to its versatility and convenience. Even with the most expert cutter making, milling could never have obtained its important position in the field of machinery and tool manufacture had it not been for the column and knee type of construction.
The name, column knee, is derived from the high, column-like design of the main casting, and the likeness of the bracket which supports the table to a knee or angle iron. The knee is adjustable on the column so that the table can be set at different heights to accommodate work of varying size. It can also be fed upward,
