to paralyse the opposition, and on the other to keep up a steady control over the extreme Right element, the uncompromising "revolutionaries of reaction." The Right and the Nationalists did not exist at all as political parties in the country. It was only after the elections, within the Duma itself, that they took shape. The general result of the elections on the basis of the electoral edict of June i6, 1907, is shown in this Table.
Table IV
Parties in the Third, and, Fourth Duma
| Right wing | 3rd | 4th | |
| Right | 52 | 65 | |
| Nationalists | 93 | 88 | |
| 145 | 153 | ||
| Centre | |||
| New (Nationalist) "centre" | — | 32 | |
| Octobrists | 133 | 98 | |
| 133 | 130 | ||
| Left wing | |||
| Poles and Mussulmans | 26 | 21 | |
| Progressives | 39 | 48 | |
| Constitutional Democrats | 53 | 59 | |
| Labour group | 14 | 9 | |
| Socialist democrats | 14 | 15 | |
| 146 | 152 |
As you see, the result did not quite correspond with the Government designs. The "illegal" parties of the opposition were present to the rather significant numbers of 146 and 152. This opposition had to sustain various attacks on the part of the Right groups, particularly during the first year of the Chamber. Nevertheless the opposition succeeded in keeping its head above water; then it quickly mastered the situation, and
