| A. | कामान् kā́mān |
देवान् devā́n |
आस्यानि āsyā̀ni |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. | कामैस् kā́māis |
देवैस् devāís |
आस्यैस् āsyāìs |
| D. Ab. | कामेभ्यस् kā́mebhyas |
देवेभ्यस् devébhyas |
आस्येभ्यस् āsyèbhyas |
| G. | कामानाम् kā́mānām |
देवानाम् devā́nām |
आस्यानाम् āsyā̀nām |
| L. | कामेषु kā́meṣu |
देवेषु devéṣu |
आस्येषु āsyèṣu |
Examples of the peculiar Vedic forms are:
a. Sing.: instr. raváthenā, yajñā́ (such genitive forms as áçvasiā are purely sporadic).
b. Du.: nom. etc. masc. devā́; gen.-loc. pastyòs (stem pastyà).
c. Pl.: nom.-voc. masc. devā́sas; neut. yugā́; instr. devébhis; gen. caráthām, devā́naam.
331. Among nouns, there are no irregularities in this declension. For irregular numeral bases in a (or an), see 483-4. For the irregularities of pronominal stems in a, which are more or less fully shared also by a few adjectives of pronominal kindred, see the chapter on Pronouns (495 ff.).
Adjectives.
332. Original adjectives in a are an exceedingly large class, the great majority of all adjectives. There is, however, no such thing as a feminine stem in a; for the feminine, the a is changed to ā — or often, though far less often, to ī; and its declension is then like that of senā or devī (364). An example of the complete declension of an adjective a-stem in the three genders will be given below (368).
a. Whether a masc.-neut. stem in a shall form its feminine in ā or in ī is a question to be determined in great part only by actual usage, and not by grammatical rule. Certain important classes of words, however, can be pointed out which take the less common ending ī of the feminine: thus, 1. the (very numerous) secondary derivatives in a with vṛddhi of the first syllable (1204): e. g. āmitrá -trī́, mā́nuṣa -ṣī, pāvamāná -nī́, pāurṇamāsá -sī́; 2. primary derivatives in ana with accent on the radical syllable (1150): e. g. códana -nī, saṁgráhaṇa -ṇī, subhāgaṁkáraṇa -ṇī; 3. primary derivatives in a, with strengthening of the radical syllable, having a quasi-participial meaning: e. g. divākará -rī, avakrāmá -mī́,
